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Subject Identifiers for Security Event Tokens
draft-ietf-secevent-subject-identifiers-00

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This is an older version of an Internet-Draft that was ultimately published as RFC 9493.
Authors Annabelle Backman , Marius Scurtescu
Last updated 2018-07-18
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draft-ietf-secevent-subject-identifiers-00
Security Events Working Group                                 A. Backman
Internet-Draft                                                    Amazon
Intended status: Standards Track                            M. Scurtescu
Expires: January 19, 2019                                         Google
                                                           July 18, 2018

             Subject Identifiers for Security Event Tokens
               draft-ietf-secevent-subject-identifiers-00

Abstract

   Security events communicated within Security Event Tokens may support
   a variety of identifiers to identify the subject and/or other
   principals related to the event.  This specification formalizes the
   notion of subject identifiers as named sets of well-defined claims
   describing the subject, a mechanism for representing subject
   identifiers within a [JSON] object such as a JSON Web Token [JWT] or
   Security Event Token [SET], and a registry for defining and
   allocating names for these claim sets.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on January 19, 2019.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2018 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect

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   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
   2.  Notational Conventions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   3.  Subject Identifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     3.1.  Email Subject Identifier Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     3.2.  Phone Number Subject Identifier Type  . . . . . . . . . .   4
     3.3.  Issuer and Subject Subject Identifier Type  . . . . . . .   4
     3.4.  ID Token Claims Subject Identifier Type . . . . . . . . .   5
   4.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     4.1.  Security Event Subject Identifier Types Registry  . . . .   5
       4.1.1.  Registration Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
       4.1.2.  Initial Registry Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
       4.1.3.  Guidance for Expert Reviewers . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   5.  Privacy Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   6.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   7.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   Change Log  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9

1.  Introduction

   As described in section 1.2 of [SET], the subject of a security event
   may take a variety of forms, including but not limited to a JWT
   principal, an IP address, a URL, etc.  Furthermore, even in the case
   where the subject of an event is more narrowly scoped, there may be
   multiple ways by which a given subject may be identified.  For
   example, an account may be identified by an opaque identifier, an
   email address, a phone number, a JWT "iss" claim and "sub" claim,
   etc., depending on the nature and needs of the transmitter and
   receiver.  Even within the context of a given transmitter and
   receiver relationship, it may be appropriate to identify different
   accounts in different ways, for example if some accounts only have
   email addresses associated with them while others only have phone
   numbers.  Therefore it can be necessary to indicate within a SET the
   mechanism by which the subject of the security event is being
   identified.

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2.  Notational Conventions

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].

3.  Subject Identifiers

   A Subject Identifier Type is a light-weight schema that describes a
   set of claims that identifies a subject.  Every Subject Identifier
   Type MUST have a unique name registered in the IANA "Security Event
   Subject Identifier Types" registry established by Section 4.1.  A
   Subject Identifier Type MAY describe more claims than are strictly
   necessary to uniquely identify a subject, and MAY describe conditions
   under which those claims are required, optional, or prohibited.

   A Subject Identifier is a [JSON] object containing a "subject_type"
   claim whose value is the unique name of a Subject Identifier Type,
   and a set of additional "payload claims" which are to be interpreted
   according to the rules defined by that Subject Identifier Type.
   Payload claim values MUST match the format specified for the claim by
   the Subject Identifier Type.  A Subject Identifier MUST NOT contain
   any payload claims prohibited or not described by its Subject
   Identifier Type, and MUST contain all payload claims required by its
   Subject Identifier Type.

   The following Subject Identifier Types are registered in the IANA
   "Security Event Subject Identifier Types" registry established by
   Section 4.1.

3.1.  Email Subject Identifier Type

   The Email Subject Identifier Type describes a subject by email
   address.  Subject Identifiers of this type MUST contain an "email"
   claim whose value is a string containing the email address of the
   subject.  The "email" claim MUST NOT be null or empty.  The Email
   Subject Identifier Type is identified by the name "email".

   Below is a non-normative example Subject Identifier for the Email
   Subject Identifier Type:

   {
     "subject_type": "email",
     "email": "user@example.com",
   }

        Figure 1: Example: Subject Identifier for the Email Subject
                             Identifier Type.

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3.2.  Phone Number Subject Identifier Type

   The Phone Number Subject Identifier Type describes a subject by
   telephone number.  Subject Identifiers of this type MUST contain a
   "phone" claim whose value is a string containing the full telephone
   number of the subject, including international dialing prefix,
   formatted according to E.164 [E164].  The "phone" claim MUST NOT be
   null or empty.  The Phone Number Subject Identifier Type is
   identified by the name "phone".

   Below is a non-normative example Subject Identifier for the Email
   Subject Identifier Type:

   {
     "subject_type": "phone",
     "phone": "+1 (206) 555-0100",
   }

    Figure 2: Example: Subject Identifier for the Phone Number Subject
                             Identifier Type.

3.3.  Issuer and Subject Subject Identifier Type

   The Issuer and Subject Subject Identifier Type describes a subject by
   an issuer and a subject.  Subject Identifiers of this type MUST
   contain an "iss" claim whose value identifies the issuer, and a "sub"
   claim whose value identifies the subject with respect to the issuer.
   These claims MUST follow the formats of the "iss" claim and "sub"
   claim defined by [JWT], respectively.  Both the "iss" claim and the
   "sub" claim MUST NOT be null or empty.  The Issuer and Subject
   Subject Identifier Type is identified by the name "iss_sub".

   Below is a non-normative example Subject Identifier for the Issuer
   and Subject Subject Identifier Type:

   {
     "subject_type": "iss_sub",
     "iss": "http://issuer.example.com/",
     "sub": "145234573",
   }

     Figure 3: Example: Subject Identifier for the Issuer and Subject
                         Subject Identifier Type.

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3.4.  ID Token Claims Subject Identifier Type

   The ID Token Claims Subject Identifier Type describes a subject by a
   subset of the claims from an ID token.  Subject Identifiers of this
   type MUST contain at least one of the following claims:

   email
      An "email" claim, as defined in [IDTOKEN].

   phone_number
      A "phone_number" claim, as defined in [IDTOKEN].

   sub
      A "sub" claim, as defined in [RFC7519].

   If the Subject Identifier contains a "sub" claim, it MUST also
   contain an "iss" claim, as defined in [RFC7519].  The ID Token Claims
   Subject Identifier Type is identified by the name "id_token_claims".

   Below is a non-normative example Subject Identifier for the ID Token
   Claims Subject Identifier Type:

   {
     "subject_type": "id_token_claims",
     "iss": "http://issuer.example.com/",
     "sub": "145234573",
     "email": "user@example.com",
   }

   Figure 4: Example: Subject Identifier for the ID Token Claims Subject
                             Identifier Type.

4.  IANA Considerations

4.1.  Security Event Subject Identifier Types Registry

   This document defines Subject Identifier Types, for which IANA is
   asked to create and maintain a new registry titled "Security Event
   Subject Identifier Types".  Initial values for the Security Event
   Subject Identifier Types registry are given in Section 3.  Future
   assignments are to be made through the Expert Review registration
   policy [BCP26] and shall follow the template presented in
   Section 4.1.1.

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4.1.1.  Registration Template

   Type Name
      The name of the Subject Identifier Type, as described in
      Section 3.  The name MUST be an ASCII string consisting only of
      lower-case characters ("a" - "z"), digits ("0" - "9"), and hyphens
      ("-"), and SHOULD NOT exceed 20 characters in length.

   Type Description
      A brief description of the Subject Identifier Type.

   Change Controller
      For types defined in documents published by the OpenID Foundation
      or its working groups, list "OpenID Foundation RISC Working
      Group".  For all other types, list the name of the party
      responsible for the registration.  Contact information such as
      mailing address, email address, or phone number may also be
      provided.

   Defining Document(s)
      A reference to the document or documents that define the Subject
      Identifier Type.  The definition MUST specify the name, format,
      and meaning of each claim that may occur within a Subject
      Identifier of the defined type, as well as whether each claim is
      optional or required, or the circumstances under which the claim
      is optional or required.  URIs that can be used to retrieve copies
      of each document SHOULD be included.

4.1.2.  Initial Registry Contents

4.1.2.1.  Email Subject Identifier Type

   o  Type Name: "email"

   o  Type Description: Subject identifier based on email address.

   o  Change Controller: IETF secevent Working Group

   o  Defining Document(s): Section 3 of this document.

4.1.2.2.  ID Token Claims Subject Identifier Type

   o  Type Name: "id_token_claims"

   o  Type Description: Subject identifier based on OpenID Connect ID
      Token claims.

   o  Change Controller: IETF secevent Working Group

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   o  Defining Document(s): Section 3 of this document.

4.1.2.3.  Issuer and Subject Subject Identifier Type

   o  Type Name: "iss_sub"

   o  Type Description: Subject identifier based on an issuer and
      subject.

   o  Change Controller: IETF secevent Working Group

   o  Defining Document(s): Section 3 of this document.

4.1.2.4.  Phone Number Subject Identifier Type

   o  Type Name: "phone"

   o  Type Description: Subject identifier based on an phone number.

   o  Change Controller: IETF secevent Working Group

   o  Defining Document(s): Section 3 of this document.

4.1.3.  Guidance for Expert Reviewers

   The Expert Reviewer is expected to review the documentation
   referenced in a registration request to verify its completeness.  The
   Expert Reviewer must base their decision to accept or reject the
   request on a fair and impartial assessment of the request.  If the
   Expert Reviewer has a conflict of interest, such as being an author
   of a defining document referenced by the request, they must recuse
   themselves from the approval process for that request.  In the case
   where a request is rejected, the Expert Reviewer should provide the
   requesting party with a written statement expressing the reason for
   rejection, and be prepared to cite any sources of information that
   went into that decision.

   Subject Identifier Types need not be generally applicable and may be
   highly specific to a particular domain; it is expected that types may
   be registered for niche or industry-specific use cases.  The Expert
   Reviewer should focus on whether the type is thoroughly documented,
   and whether its registration will promote or harm interoperability.
   In most cases, the Expert Reviewer should not approve a request if
   the registration would contribute to confusion, or amount to a
   synonym for an existing type.

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5.  Privacy Considerations

   There are no privacy considerations.

6.  Security Considerations

   There are no security considerations.

7.  Normative References

   [BCP26]    Cotton, M., Leiba, B., and T. Narten, "Guidelines for
              Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26,
              RFC 8126, DOI 10.17487/RFC8126, June 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8126>.

   [E164]     International Telecommunication Union, "The international
              public telecommunication numbering plan", 2010,
              <http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-E.164-201011-I/en>.

   [IDTOKEN]  Sakamura, N., Bradley, J., Jones, M., de Medeiros, B., and
              C. Mortimore, "OpenID Connect Core 1.0 - ID Token", April
              2017, <http://openid.net/specs/
              openid-connect-core-1_0.html#IDToken>.

   [JSON]     Bray, T., Ed., "The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data
              Interchange Format", RFC 7159, DOI 10.17487/RFC7159, March
              2014, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7159>.

   [JWT]      Jones, M., Bradley, J., and N. Sakimura, "JSON Web Token
              (JWT)", RFC 7519, DOI 10.17487/RFC7519, May 2015,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7519>.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC7519]  Jones, M., Bradley, J., and N. Sakimura, "JSON Web Token
              (JWT)", RFC 7519, DOI 10.17487/RFC7519, May 2015,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7519>.

   [SET]      Hunt, P., Ed., Jones, M., Denniss, W., and M. Ansari,
              "Security Event Token (SET)", RFC 8417,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8417, July 2018,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8417>.

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Acknowledgements

   This document is based on work developed within the OpenID RISC
   Working Group.  The authors would like to thank the members of this
   group for their hard work and contributions.

Change Log

   (This section to be removed by the RFC Editor before publication as
   an RFC.)

   Draft 00 - AB - First draft

Authors' Addresses

   Annabelle Backman
   Amazon

   Email: richanna@amazon.com

   Marius Scurtescu
   Google

   Email: mscurtescu@google.com

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