POP3 Support for UTF-8
draft-ietf-eai-rfc5721bis-03

Network Working Group                                         R. Gellens
Internet-Draft                                     QUALCOMM Incorporated
Obsoletes: RFC5721 (if approved)                               C. Newman
Intended status: Standards Track                                  Oracle
Expires: May 19, 2012                                             J. Yao
                                                                   CNNIC
                                                             K. Fujiwara
                                                                    JPRS
                                                       November 16, 2011

                         POP3 Support for UTF-8
                    draft-ietf-eai-rfc5721bis-03.txt

Abstract

   This specification extends the Post Office Protocol version 3 (POP3)
   to support un-encoded international characters in user names,
   passwords, mail addresses, message headers, and protocol-level
   textual strings.  This specification replaces RFC 5721.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
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   This Internet-Draft will expire on May 19, 2012.

Copyright Notice

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   document authors.  All rights reserved.

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   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect

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   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
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   This document may contain material from IETF Documents or IETF
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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
     1.1.  Conventions Used in This Document  . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   2.  LANG Capability  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   3.  UTF8 Capability  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
     3.1.  The UTF8 Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
     3.2.  USER Argument to UTF8 Capability . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
   4.  Native UTF-8 Maildrops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
   5.  UTF-8 Response Code  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
   6.  IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
   7.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
   8.  Change History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
     8.1.  draft-ietf-eai-rfc5721bis: Version 00  . . . . . . . . . . 11
     8.2.  draft-ietf-eai-rfc5721bis:  Version 01 . . . . . . . . . . 11
     8.3.  draft-ietf-eai-rfc5721bis:  Version 02 . . . . . . . . . . 11
     8.4.  draft-ietf-eai-rfc5721bis:  Version 03 . . . . . . . . . . 11
   9.  References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
     9.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
     9.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
     9.3.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
   Appendix A.  Design Rationale  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
   Appendix B.  Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

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1.  Introduction

   This document forms part of the Email Address Internationalization
   (EAI) protocols described in the EAI Framework document
   [I-D.ietf-eai-frmwrk-4952bis].  As part of the overall EAI work,
   email messages may be transmitted and delivered containing un-encoded
   UTF-8 characters in the header and/or body, and mail drops that are
   accessed using POP3 [RFC1939] might natively store UTF-8.

   This specification extends POP3 [RFC1939] using the POP3 extension
   mechanism [RFC2449] to permit un-encoded UTF-8 [RFC3629] in headers,
   and bodies (e.g., transferred using 8-bit Content Transfer Encoding)
   as described in "Internationalized Email Headers"
   [I-D.ietf-eai-rfc5335bis].  It also adds a mechanism to support login
   names and passwords containing UTF-8 characters, and a mechanism to
   support UTF-8 characters in protocol level response strings as well
   as the ability to negotiate a language for such response strings.

   This specification also adds a new response code to indicate that a
   message could not be returned because it requires UTF-8 mode and the
   server is unwilling to down-convert.

   Within this specification, the term "down-conversion" refers to the
   process of modifying a message containing UTF-8 headers
   [I-D.ietf-eai-rfc5335bis] or body parts with 8bit content-transfer-
   encoding, as defined in MIME Section 2.8 [RFC2045], into conforming
   7-bit Internet Message Format [RFC5322] with message header
   extensions for non-ASCII text [RFC2047] and other 7-bit encodings.
   Down-conversion is specified by "Post-delivery Message Downgrading
   for Internationalized Email Messages" [popimap-downgrade].

   This specification replaces an earlier, experimental, approach to the
   same problem RFC 5721 [RFC5721].  Section 6 of
   [I-D.ietf-eai-frmwrk-4952bis] describes the changes in approach
   between RFC 5721 [RFC5721] and this specification.

1.1.  Conventions Used in This Document

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in "Key words for use in
   RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels" [RFC2119].

   In examples, "C:" and "S:" indicate lines sent by the client and
   server, respectively.  If a single "C:" or "S:" label applies to
   multiple lines, then the line breaks between those lines are for
   editorial clarity only and are not part of the actual protocol
   exchange.

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   Note that examples always use 7-bit ASCII characters due to
   limitations of this document format; in particular, some examples for
   the "LANG" command may appear silly as a result.

2.  LANG Capability

   Per "POP3 Extension Mechanism" [RFC2449], this document adds a new
   capability response tag to indicate support for a new command: LANG.
   The capability tag and new command are described below.

   CAPA tag:
      LANG

   Arguments with CAPA tag:
      none

   Added Commands:
      LANG

   Standard commands affected:
      All

   Announced states / possible differences:
      both / no

   Commands valid in states:
      AUTHORIZATION, TRANSACTION

   Specification reference:
      this document

   Discussion:

   POP3 allows most +OK and -ERR server responses to include human-
   readable text that, in some cases, might be presented to the user.
   But that text is limited to ASCII by the POP3 specification
   [RFC1939].  The LANG capability and command permit a POP3 client to
   negotiate which language the server uses when sending human-readable
   text.

   A server that advertises the LANG extension MUST use the language
   "i-default" as described in [RFC2277] as its default language until
   another supported language is negotiated by the client.  A server
   MUST include "i-default" as one of its supported languages.

   The LANG command requests that human-readable text included in all
   subsequent +OK and -ERR responses be localized to a language matching
   the language range argument (the "Basic Language Range" as described

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   by [RFC4647]).  If the command succeeds, the server returns a +OK
   response followed by a single space, the exact language tag selected,
   another space, and the rest of the line is human-readable text in the
   appropriate language.  This and subsequent protocol-level human-
   readable text is encoded in the UTF-8 charset.

   If the command fails, the server returns an -ERR response and
   subsequent human-readable response text continues to use the language
   that was previously active (typically i-default).

   The special "*" language range argument indicates a request to use a
   language designated as preferred by the server administrator.  The
   preferred language MAY vary based on the currently active user.

   If no argument is given and the POP3 server issues a positive
   response, then the response given is multi-line.  After the initial
   +OK, for each language tag the server supports, the POP3 server
   responds with a line for that language.  This line is called a
   "language listing".

   In order to simplify parsing, all POP3 servers are required to use a
   certain format for language listings.  A language listing consists of
   the language tag [RFC5646] of the message, optionally followed by a
   single space and a human-readable description of the language in the
   language itself, using the UTF-8 charset.

   Examples:

      < Note that some examples do not include the correct character
      accents due to limitations of this document format. >

      < The server defaults to using English i-default responses until
      the client explicitly changes the language. >

      C: USER karen
      S: +OK Hello, karen
      C: PASS password
      S: +OK karen's maildrop contains 2 messages (320 octets)

      < Client requests deprecated MUL language.  Server replies
      with -ERR response. >

      C: LANG MUL
      S: -ERR invalid language MUL

      < A LANG command with no parameters is a request for
      a language listing. >

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      C: LANG
      S: +OK Language listing follows:
      S: en English
      S: en-boont English Boontling dialect
      S: de Deutsch
      S: it Italiano
      S: es Espanol
      S: sv Svenska
      S: i-default Default language
      S: .

      < A request for a language listing might fail. >

      C: LANG
      S: -ERR Server is unable to list languages

      < Once the client changes the language, all responses will be in
      that language, starting with the response to the LANG command. >

      C: LANG es
      S: +OK es Idioma cambiado

      < If a server does not support the requested primary language,
      responses will continue to be returned in the current language
      the server is using. >

      C: LANG uga
      S: -ERR es Idioma <<UGA>> no es conocido

      C: LANG sv
      S: +OK sv Kommandot "LANG" lyckades

      C: LANG *
      S: +OK es Idioma cambiado

3.  UTF8 Capability

   Per "POP3 Extension Mechanism" [RFC2449], this document adds a new
   capability response tag to indicate support for new server
   functionality, including a new command: UTF8.  The capability tag and
   new command and functionality are described below.

   CAPA tag:
      UTF8

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   Arguments with CAPA tag:
      USER

   Added Commands:
      UTF8

   Standard commands affected:
      USER, PASS, APOP, LIST, TOP, RETR

   Announced states / possible differences:
      both / no

   Commands valid in states:
      AUTHORIZATION

   Specification reference:
      this document

   Discussion:

   This capability adds the "UTF8" command to POP3.  The UTF8 command
   switches the session from ASCII to UTF-8 mode.  In UTF-8 mode, both
   servers and clients can send and accept UTF-8 characters.

3.1.  The UTF8 Command

   The UTF8 command enables UTF-8 mode.  The UTF8 command has no
   parameters.

   Maildrops can natively store UTF-8 or be limited to ASCII.  UTF-8
   mode has no effect on messages in an ASCII-only maildrop.  Messages
   in native UTF-8 maildrops can be ASCII or UTF-8 using
   internationalized headers [I-D.ietf-eai-rfc5335bis] and/or 8bit
   content-transfer-encoding, as defined in MIME Section 2.8 [RFC2045].
   In UTF-8 mode, both UTF-8 and ASCII messages are sent to the client
   as-is (without conversion).  When not in UTF-8 mode, UTF-8 messages
   in a native UTF-8 maildrop MUST NOT be sent to the client as-is.  If
   a client requests a UTF-8 message when not in UTF-8 mode, the server
   MUST either down-convert (downgrade) the message content it sends to
   the client to comply with unextended POP and Internet Mail Format
   without UTF-8 mode support, or fail the request with a -ERR response
   containing the UTF-8 response code (see section 5).  The UTF8 command
   MAY fail.

   Note that even in UTF-8 mode, MIME binary content-transfer-encoding
   is still not permitted.

   The octet count (size) of a message reported in a response to the

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   LIST command SHOULD match the actual number of octets sent in a RETR
   response (not counting byte-stuffing).  Sizes reported elsewhere,
   such as in STAT responses and non-standardized, free-form text in
   positive status indicators (following "+OK") need not be accurate,
   but it is preferable if they were.

   Mail stores are either ASCII or native UTF-8, and clients either
   issue the UTF8 command or not.  The message needs converting only
   when it is native UTF-8 and the client has not issued the UTF8
   command, in which case the server MAY choose to down-convert it or
   reject the command which requested the message with the new UTF-8
   response code (see Section 5).  The down-converted message may be
   larger.  The server may choose various strategies regarding down-
   conversion, which include when to down-convert, whether to cache or
   store the down-converted form of a message (and if so, for how long),
   and whether to calculate or retain the size of a down-converted
   message independently of the down-converted content.  If the server
   does not have immediate access to the accurate down-converted size,
   it may be faster to estimate rather than calculate it.  Servers are
   expected to normally follow the RFC 1939 [RFC1939] text on using the
   "exact size" in a scan listing, but there may be situations with
   maildrops containing very large numbers of messages in which this
   might be a problem.  If the server does estimate, reporting a scan
   listing size smaller than what it turns out to be could be a problem
   for some clients.  In summary, it is better for servers to report
   accurate sizes, but if this is not possible, high guesses are better
   than small ones.  Some POP servers include the message size in the
   non-standardized text response following "+OK" (the 'text' production
   of RFC 2449 [RFC2449]), in a RETR or TOP response (possibly because
   some examples in POP3 [RFC1939] do so).  There has been at least one
   known case of a client relying on this to know when it had received
   all of the message rather than following the POP3 [RFC1939] rule of
   looking for a line consisting of a termination octet (".") and a CRLF
   pair.  While any such client is non-compliant, if a server does
   include the size in such text, it is better if it is accurate.

   Clients MUST NOT issue the STLS command [RFC2595] after issuing UTF8;
   servers MAY (but are not required to) enforce this by rejecting with
   an "-ERR" response an STLS command issued subsequent to a successful
   UTF8 command.  (Because this is a protocol error as opposed to a
   failure based on conditions, an extended response code [RFC2449] is
   not specified.)

3.2.  USER Argument to UTF8 Capability

   If the USER argument is included with this capability, it indicates
   that the server accepts UTF-8 user names and passwords.

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   Servers that include the USER argument in the UTF8 capability
   response SHOULD apply SASLprep [RFC4013] to the arguments of the USER
   and PASS commands.

   A client or server that supports APOP and permits UTF-8 in user names
   or passwords MUST apply SASLprep [RFC4013] to the user name and
   password used to compute the APOP digest.

   When applying SASLprep [RFC4013], servers MUST reject UTF-8 user
   names or passwords that contain a Unicode character listed in Section
   2.3 of SASLprep [RFC4013].  When applying SASLprep to the USER
   argument, the PASS argument, or the APOP username argument, a
   compliant server or client MUST treat them as a query string
   [RFC3454](i.e., unassigned Unicode code points are allowed).  When
   applying SASLprep to the APOP password argument, a compliant server
   or client MUST treat them as a stored string [RFC3454] (i.e.,
   unassigned Unicode code points are prohibited).

   The client does not need to issue the UTF8 command prior to using
   UTF-8 in authentication.  However, clients MUST NOT use UTF-8
   characters in USER, PASS, or APOP commands unless the USER argument
   is included in the UTF8 capability response.

   The server MUST reject UTF-8 user names or passwords that fail to
   comply with the formal syntax in UTF-8 [RFC3629].

   Use of UTF-8 characters in the AUTH command is governed by the POP3
   SASL [RFC5034] mechanism.

4.  Native UTF-8 Maildrops

   When a POP3 server uses a native UTF-8 maildrop, it is the
   responsibility of the server to comply with the POP3 base
   specification [RFC1939] and Internet Message Format [RFC5322] when
   not in UTF-8 mode.  Mechanisms for 7-bit downgrading to help comply
   with the standards are described in [popimap-downgrade].

5.  UTF-8 Response Code

   Per "POP3 Extension Mechanism" [RFC2449], this document adds a new
   response code: UTF-8, described below.

   Complete response code:
      UTF8

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   Valid for responses:
      -ERR

   Valid for commands:
      LIST, TOP, RETR

   Response code meaning and expected client behavior:

   The UTF-8 response code indicates that a failure is due to a request
   when not in UTF-8 mode for message content containing UTF-8
   characters.

   The client MAY reissue the command after entering UTF-8 mode (or wait
   for the server to be in a better mood and willing to downconvert).

6.  IANA Considerations

   This specification updates two capabilities ("UTF8" and "LANG") to
   the POP3 capability registry [RFC2449].

   This specification also adds one new response code ("UTF-8") to the
   POP3 response codes registry [RFC2449].

7.  Security Considerations

   The security considerations of UTF-8 [RFC3629] and SASLprep [RFC4013]
   apply to this specification, particularly with respect to use of
   UTF-8 in user names and passwords.

   The "LANG *" command might reveal the existence and preferred
   language of a user to an active attacker probing the system if the
   active language changes in response to the USER, PASS, or APOP
   commands prior to validating the user's credentials.  Servers MUST
   implement a configuration to prevent this exposure.

   It is possible for a man-in-the-middle attacker to insert a LANG
   command in the command stream, thus making protocol-level diagnostic
   responses unintelligible to the user.  A mechanism to integrity-
   protect the session, such as Transport Layer Security (TLS) [RFC2595]
   can be used to defeat such attacks.

   Modifying server authentication code (in this case, to support UTF8
   command) needs to be done with care to avoid introducing
   vulnerabilities (for example, in string parsing).

   The UTF8 command description (Section 3.1) contains a discussion on
   reporting inaccurate sizes.  An additional risk to doing so is that,
   if a client allocates buffers based on the reported size, it may

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   overrun the buffer, crash, or have other problems if the message data
   is larger than reported.

8.  Change History

8.1.  draft-ietf-eai-rfc5721bis: Version 00

   following the new charter

8.2.  draft-ietf-eai-rfc5721bis:  Version 01

   refine the texts

8.3.  draft-ietf-eai-rfc5721bis:  Version 02

   update the texts based on Joseph's comments

8.4.  draft-ietf-eai-rfc5721bis:  Version 03

   improve the texts

   text instructing servers to either downconvert or reject

   new UTF-8 response code for use

9.  References

9.1.  Normative References

   [I-D.ietf-eai-frmwrk-4952bis]  Klensin, J. and Y. Ko, "Overview and
                                  Framework for Internationalized
                                  Email",
                                  draft-ietf-eai-frmwrk-4952bis-12 (work
                                  in progress), October 2011.

   [I-D.ietf-eai-rfc5335bis]      Yang, A., Steele, S., and N. Freed,
                                  "Internationalized Email Headers",
                                  draft-ietf-eai-rfc5335bis-13 (work in
                                  progress), October 2011.

   [RFC1939]                      Myers, J. and M. Rose, "Post Office
                                  Protocol - Version 3", STD 53,
                                  RFC 1939, May 1996.

   [RFC2045]                      Freed, N. and N. Borenstein,
                                  "Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
                                  (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet
                                  Message Bodies", RFC 2045,

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                                  November 1996.

   [RFC2047]                      Moore, K., "MIME (Multipurpose
                                  Internet Mail Extensions) Part Three:
                                  Message Header Extensions for Non-
                                  ASCII Text", RFC 2047, November 1996.

   [RFC2119]                      Bradner, S., "Key words for use in
                                  RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels",
                                  BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC2277]                      Alvestrand, H., "IETF Policy on
                                  Character Sets and Languages", BCP 18,
                                  RFC 2277, January 1998.

   [RFC2449]                      Gellens, R., Newman, C., and L.
                                  Lundblade, "POP3 Extension Mechanism",
                                  RFC 2449, November 1998.

   [RFC3454]                      Hoffman, P. and M. Blanchet,
                                  "Preparation of Internationalized
                                  Strings ("stringprep")", RFC 3454,
                                  December 2002.

   [RFC3629]                      Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation
                                  format of ISO 10646", STD 63,
                                  RFC 3629, November 2003.

   [RFC4013]                      Zeilenga, K., "SASLprep: Stringprep
                                  Profile for User Names and Passwords",
                                  RFC 4013, February 2005.

   [RFC4647]                      Phillips, A. and M. Davis, "Matching
                                  of Language Tags", BCP 47, RFC 4647,
                                  September 2006.

   [RFC5322]                      Resnick, P., Ed., "Internet Message
                                  Format", RFC 5322, October 2008.

   [RFC5646]                      Phillips, A. and M. Davis, "Tags for
                                  Identifying Languages", BCP 47,
                                  RFC 5646, September 2009.

9.2.  Informative References

   [RFC2595]                      Newman, C., "Using TLS with IMAP, POP3
                                  and ACAP", RFC 2595, June 1999.

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   [RFC5034]                      Siemborski, R. and A. Menon-Sen, "The
                                  Post Office Protocol (POP3) Simple
                                  Authentication and Security Layer
                                  (SASL) Authentication Mechanism",
                                  RFC 5034, July 2007.

   [popimap-downgrade]            Fujiwara, K., "Post-delivery Message
                                  Downgrading for Internationalized
                                  Email Messages",
                                  draft-ietf-eai-popimap-downgrade-00
                                  (work in progress), October 2010.

9.3.  Informative References

   [RFC5721]                      Gellens, R. and C. Newman, "POP3
                                  Support for UTF-8", RFC 5721,
                                  February 2010.

Appendix A.  Design Rationale

   This non-normative section discusses the reasons behind some of the
   design choices in the above specification.

   Due to interoperability problems with RFC 2047 and limited deployment
   of RFC 2231, it is hoped these 7-bit encoding mechanisms can be
   deprecated in the future when UTF-8 header support becomes prevalent.

   USER is optional because the implementation burden of SASLprep
   [RFC4013] is not well understood, and mandating such support in all
   cases could negatively impact deployment.

Appendix B.  Acknowledgments

   Thanks to John Klensin, Tony Hansen, and other EAI working group
   participants who provided helpful suggestions and interesting debate
   that improved this specification.

Authors' Addresses

   Randall Gellens
   QUALCOMM Incorporated
   5775 Morehouse Drive
   San Diego, CA  92651
   US

   EMail: rg+ietf@qualcomm.com

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   Chris Newman
   Oracle
   800 Royal Oaks
   Monrovia, CA  91016-6347
   US

   EMail: chris.newman@oracle.com

   Jiankang YAO
   CNNIC
   No.4 South 4th Street, Zhongguancun
   Beijing

   Phone: +86 10 58813007
   EMail: yaojk@cnnic.cn

   Kazunori Fujiwara
   Japan Registry Services Co., Ltd.
   Chiyoda First Bldg. East 13F, 3-8-1 Nishi-Kanda
   Tokyo

   Phone: +81 3 5215 8451
   EMail: fujiwara@jprs.co.jp

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