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Delay-Tolerant Networking TCP Convergence Layer Protocol Version 4
draft-ietf-dtn-tcpclv4-08

The information below is for an old version of the document.
Document Type
This is an older version of an Internet-Draft that was ultimately published as RFC 9174.
Authors Brian Sipos , Michael Demmer , Joerg Ott , Simon Perreault
Last updated 2018-05-21
Replaces draft-sipos-dtn-tcpclv4
RFC stream Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
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Stream WG state In WG Last Call
Document shepherd Edward J. Birrane
IESG IESG state Became RFC 9174 (Proposed Standard)
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Send notices to Edward Birrane <edward.birrane@jhuapl.edu>
draft-ietf-dtn-tcpclv4-08
Delay Tolerant Networking                                       B. Sipos
Internet-Draft                                           RKF Engineering
Obsoletes: 7242 (if approved)                                  M. Demmer
Intended status: Standards Track                             UC Berkeley
Expires: November 21, 2018                                        J. Ott
                                                        Aalto University
                                                            S. Perreault
                                                            May 20, 2018

   Delay-Tolerant Networking TCP Convergence Layer Protocol Version 4
                       draft-ietf-dtn-tcpclv4-08

Abstract

   This document describes a revised protocol for the TCP-based
   convergence layer (TCPCL) for Delay-Tolerant Networking (DTN).  The
   protocol revision is based on implementation issues in the original
   TCPCL Version 3 and updates to the Bundle Protocol contents,
   encodings, and convergence layer requirements in Bundle Protocol
   Version 7.  Specifically, the TCPCLv4 uses CBOR-encoded BPv7 bundles
   as its service data unit being transported and provides a reliable
   transport of such bundles.  Several new IANA registries are defined
   for TCPCLv4 which define some behaviors inherited from TCPCLv3 but
   with updated encodings and/or semantics.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on November 21, 2018.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2018 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

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   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     1.1.  Convergence Layer Services  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   2.  Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     2.1.  Definitions Specific to the TCPCL Protocol  . . . . . . .   6
   3.  General Protocol Description  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     3.1.  TCPCL Session Overview  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     3.2.  Transfer Segmentation Policies  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     3.3.  Example Message Exchange  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   4.  Session Establishment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
     4.1.  TCP Connection  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
     4.2.  Contact Header  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
     4.3.  Contact Validation and Negotiation  . . . . . . . . . . .  14
     4.4.  Session Security  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
       4.4.1.  TLS Handshake Result  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
       4.4.2.  Example TLS Initiation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
     4.5.  Message Type Codes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
     4.6.  Session Initialization Message (SESS_INIT)  . . . . . . .  18
       4.6.1.  Session Extension Items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  20
     4.7.  Session Parameter Negotiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  21
   5.  Established Session Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  22
     5.1.  Upkeep and Status Messages  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  22
       5.1.1.  Session Upkeep (KEEPALIVE)  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  22
       5.1.2.  Message Rejection (MSG_REJECT)  . . . . . . . . . . .  23
     5.2.  Bundle Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  24
       5.2.1.  Bundle Transfer ID  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  24
       5.2.2.  Transfer Initialization (XFER_INIT) . . . . . . . . .  25
       5.2.3.  Data Transmission (XFER_SEGMENT)  . . . . . . . . . .  28
       5.2.4.  Data Acknowledgments (XFER_ACK) . . . . . . . . . . .  29
       5.2.5.  Transfer Refusal (XFER_REFUSE)  . . . . . . . . . . .  30
   6.  Session Termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  32
     6.1.  Session Termination Message (SESS_TERM) . . . . . . . . .  32
     6.2.  Idle Session Shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  35
   7.  Implementation Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  35
   8.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  35
   9.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  37
     9.1.  Port Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  37

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     9.2.  Protocol Versions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  37
     9.3.  Session Extension Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  38
     9.4.  Transfer Extension Types  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  38
     9.5.  Message Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  39
     9.6.  XFER_REFUSE Reason Codes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  40
     9.7.  SESS_TERM Reason Codes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  41
     9.8.  MSG_REJECT Reason Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  42
   10. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  42
   11. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  42
     11.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  42
     11.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  43
   Appendix A.  Significant changes from RFC7242 . . . . . . . . . .  44
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  45

1.  Introduction

   This document describes the TCP-based convergence-layer protocol for
   Delay-Tolerant Networking.  Delay-Tolerant Networking is an end-to-
   end architecture providing communications in and/or through highly
   stressed environments, including those with intermittent
   connectivity, long and/or variable delays, and high bit error rates.
   More detailed descriptions of the rationale and capabilities of these
   networks can be found in "Delay-Tolerant Network Architecture"
   [RFC4838].

   An important goal of the DTN architecture is to accommodate a wide
   range of networking technologies and environments.  The protocol used
   for DTN communications is the Bundle Protocol Version 7 (BPv7)
   [I-D.ietf-dtn-bpbis], an application-layer protocol that is used to
   construct a store-and-forward overlay network.  BPv7 requires the
   services of a "convergence-layer adapter" (CLA) to send and receive
   bundles using the service of some "native" link, network, or Internet
   protocol.  This document describes one such convergence-layer adapter
   that uses the well-known Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).  This
   convergence layer is referred to as TCP Convergence Layer Version 4
   (TCPCLv4).  For the remainder of this document, the abbreviation "BP"
   without the version suffix refers to BPv7.  For the remainder of this
   document, the abbreviation "TCPCL" without the version suffix refers
   to TCPCLv4.

   The locations of the TCPCL and the BP in the Internet model protocol
   stack (described in [RFC1122]) are shown in Figure 1.  In particular,
   when BP is using TCP as its bearer with TCPCL as its convergence
   layer, both BP and TCPCL reside at the application layer of the
   Internet model.

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         +-------------------------+
         |     DTN Application     | -\
         +-------------------------|   |
         |  Bundle Protocol (BP)   |   -> Application Layer
         +-------------------------+   |
         | TCP Conv. Layer (TCPCL) |   |
         +-------------------------+   |
         |     TLS (optional)      | -/
         +-------------------------+
         |          TCP            | ---> Transport Layer
         +-------------------------+
         |       IPv4/IPv6         | ---> Network Layer
         +-------------------------+
         |   Link-Layer Protocol   | ---> Link Layer
         +-------------------------+

        Figure 1: The Locations of the Bundle Protocol and the TCP
       Convergence-Layer Protocol above the Internet Protocol Stack

   This document describes the format of the protocol data units passed
   between entities participating in TCPCL communications.  This
   document does not address:

   o  The format of protocol data units of the Bundle Protocol, as those
      are defined elsewhere in [RFC5050] and [I-D.ietf-dtn-bpbis].  This
      includes the concept of bundle fragmentation or bundle
      encapsulation.  The TCPCL transfers bundles as opaque data blocks.

   o  Mechanisms for locating or identifying other bundle entities
      within an internet.

1.1.  Convergence Layer Services

   This version of the TCPCL provides the following services to support
   the overlaying Bundle Protocol agent:

   Attempt Session  The TCPCL allows a BP agent to pre-emptively attempt
      to establish a TCPCL session with a peer entity.  Each session
      attempt can send a different set of contact header parameters as
      directed by the BP agent.

   Shutdown Session  The TCPCL allows a BP agent to pre-emptively
      shutdown an established TCPCL session with a peer entity.  The
      shutdown request is on a per-session basis.

   Session is Started  The TCPCL supports indication when a new TCP
      connection has been started (as either client or server) before
      the TCPCL handshake has begun.

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   Session is Established  The TCPCL supports indication when a new
      session has been fully established and is ready for its first
      transfer.

   Session is Shutdown  The TCPCL supports indication when an
      established session has been ended by normal exchange of SESS_TERM
      messages with all transfers completed.

   Session is Failed  The TCPCL supports indication when a session
      fails, either during contact negotiation, TLS negotiation, or
      after establishement for any reason other than normal shutdown.

   Begin Transmission  The principal purpose of the TCPCL is to allow a
      BP agent to transmit bundle data over an established TCPCL
      session.  Transmission request is on a per-session basis, the CL
      does not necessarily perform any per-session or inter-session
      queueing.  Any queueing of transmissions is the obligation of the
      BP agent.

   Transmission Availability  Because TCPCL transmits serially over a
      TCP connection, it suffers from "head of queue blocking" and
      supports indication of when an established session is live-but-
      idle (i.e. available for immediate transfer start) or live-and-
      not-idle.

   Transmission Success  The TCPCL supports positive indication when a
      bundle has been fully transferred to a peer entity.

   Transmission Intermediate Progress  The TCPCL supports positive
      indication of intermediate progress of transferr to a peer entity.
      This intermediate progress is at the granularity of each
      transferred segment.

   Transmission Failure  The TCPCL supports positive indication of
      certain reasons for bundle transmission failure, notably when the
      peer entity rejects the bundle or when a TCPCL session ends before
      transferr success.  The TCPCL itself does not have a notion of
      transfer timeout.

   Interrupt Reception  The TCPCL allows a BP agent to interrupt an
      individual transfer before it has fully completed (successfully or
      not).

   Reception Success  The TCPCL supports positive indication when a
      bundle has been fully transferred from a peer entity.

   Reception Intermediate Progress  The TCPCL supports positive
      indication of intermediate progress of transfer from the peer

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      entity.  This intermediate progress is at the granularity of each
      transferred segment.  Intermediate reception indication allows a
      BP agent the chance to inspect bundle header contents before the
      entire bundle is available, and thus supports the "Reception
      Interruption" capability.

   Reception Failure  The TCPCL supports positive indication of certain
      reasons for reception failure, notably when the local entity
      rejects an attempted transfer for some local policy reason or when
      a TCPCL session ends before transfer success.  The TCPCL itself
      does not have a notion of transfer timeout.

2.  Requirements Language

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].

2.1.  Definitions Specific to the TCPCL Protocol

   This section contains definitions specific to the TCPCL protocol.

   TCPCL Entity:  This is the notional TCPCL application that initiates
      TCPCL sessions.  This design, implementation, configuration, and
      specific behavior of such an entity is outside of the scope of
      this document.  However, the concept of an entity has utility
      within the scope of this document as the container and initiator
      of TCPCL sessions.  The relationship between a TCPCL entity and
      TCPCL sessions is defined as follows:

         A TCPCL Entity MAY actively initiate any number of TCPCL
         Sessions and should do so whenever the entity is the initial
         transmitter of information to another entity in the network.

         A TCPCL Entity MAY support zero or more passive listening
         elements that listen for connection requests from other TCPCL
         Entities operating on other entitys in the network.

         A TCPCL Entity MAY passivley initiate any number of TCPCL
         Sessions from requests received by its passive listening
         element(s) if the entity uses such elements.

      For most TCPCL behavior within a session, the two entities are
      symmetric and there is no protocol distinction between them.  Some
      specific behavior, particularly during session establishment,
      distinguishes between the active entity and the passive entity.
      For the remainder of this document, the term "entity" without the
      prefix "TCPCL" refers to a TCPCL entity.

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   TCP Connection:  The term Connection in this specification
      exclusively refers to a TCP connection and any and all behaviors,
      sessions, and other states association with that TCP connection.

   TCPCL Session:  A TCPCL session (as opposed to a TCP connection) is a
      TCPCL communication relationship between two TCPCL entities.
      Within a single TCPCL session there are two possible transfer
      streams; one in each direction, with one stream from each entity
      being the outbound stream and the other being the inbound stream.
      The lifetime of a TCPCL session is bound to the lifetime of an
      underlying TCP connection.  A TCPCL session is terminated when the
      TCP connection ends, due either to one or both entities actively
      terminating the TCP connection or due to network errors causing a
      failure of the TCP connection.  For the remainder of this
      document, the term "session" without the prefix "TCPCL" refers to
      a TCPCL session.

   Session parameters:  These are a set of values used to affect the
      operation of the TCPCL for a given session.  The manner in which
      these parameters are conveyed to the bundle entity and thereby to
      the TCPCL is implementation dependent.  However, the mechanism by
      which two entities exchange and negotiate the values to be used
      for a given session is described in Section 4.3.

   Transfer Stream:  A Transfer stream is a uni-directional user-data
      path within a TCPCL Session.  Messages sent over a transfer stream
      are serialized, meaning that one set of user data must complete
      its transmission prior to another set of user data being
      transmitted over the same transfer stream.  Each uni-directional
      stream has a single sender entity and a single receiver entity.

   Transfer:  This refers to the procedures and mechanisms for
      conveyance of an individual bundle from one node to another.  Each
      transfer within TCPCL is identified by a Transfer ID number which
      is unique only to a single direction within a single Session.

   Transfer Segment:  A subset of a transfer of user data being
      communicated over a trasnfer stream.

   Idle Session:  A TCPCL session is idle while the only messages being
      transmitted or received are KEEPALIVE messages.

   Live Session:  A TCPCL session is live while any messages are being
      transmitted or received.

   Reason Codes:  The TCPCL uses numeric codes to encode specific
      reasons for individual failure/error message types.

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   The relationship between connections, sessions, and streams is shown
   in Figure 2.

+----------------------------+              +--------------------------+
|      TCPCL Session         |              |  TCPCL "Other" Session   |
|                            |              |                          |
| +-----------------------+  |              |  +---------------------+ |
| |   TCP Connection      |  |              |  |    TCP Connection   | |
| |                       |  |              |  |                     | |
| | +-------------------+ |  |              |  | +-----------------+ | |
| | | Optional Inbound  | |  |              |  | |  Peer Outbound  | | |
| | | Transfer Stream   |<-[Seg]--[Seg]--[Seg]-| | Transfer Stream | | |
| | |       -----       | |  |              |  | |       -----     | | |
| | |     RECEIVER      | |  |              |  | |      SENDER     | | |
| | +-------------------+ |  |              |  | +-----------------+ | |
| |                       |  |              |  |                     | |
| | +-------------------+ |  |              |  | +-----------------+ | |
| | | Optional Outbound | |  |              |  | |  Peer Inbound   | | |
| | | Transfer Stream   |------[Seg]---[Seg]---->| Transfer Stream | | |
| | |       -----       | |  |              |  | |       -----     | | |
| | |      SENDER       | |  |              |  | |     RECEIVER    | | |
| | +-------------------+ |  |              |  | +-----------------+ | |
| +-----------------------+  |              |  +---------------------+ |
+----------------------------+              +--------------------------+

   Figure 2: The relationship within a TCPCL Session of its two streams

3.  General Protocol Description

   The service of this protocol is the transmission of DTN bundles via
   the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).  This document specifies the
   encapsulation of bundles, procedures for TCP setup and teardown, and
   a set of messages and node requirements.  The general operation of
   the protocol is as follows.

3.1.  TCPCL Session Overview

   First, one node establishes a TCPCL session to the other by
   initiating a TCP connection in accordance with [RFC0793].  After
   setup of the TCP connection is complete, an initial contact header is
   exchanged in both directions to set parameters of the TCPCL session
   and exchange a singleton endpoint identifier for each node (not the
   singleton Endpoint Identifier (EID) of any application running on the
   node) to denote the bundle-layer identity of each DTN node.  This is
   used to assist in routing and forwarding messages (e.g. to prevent
   loops).

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   Once the TCPCL session is established and configured in this way,
   bundles can be transferred in either direction.  Each transfer is
   performed by an initialization (XFER_INIT) message followed by one or
   more logical segments of data within an XFER_SEGMENT message.
   Multiple bundles can be transmitted consecutively on a single TCPCL
   connection.  Segments from different bundles are never interleaved.
   Bundle interleaving can be accomplished by fragmentation at the BP
   layer or by establishing multiple TCPCL sessions between the same
   peers.

   A feature of this protocol is for the receiving node to send
   acknowledgment (XFER_ACK) messages as bundle data segments arrive .
   The rationale behind these acknowledgments is to enable the sender
   node to determine how much of the bundle has been received, so that
   in case the session is interrupted, it can perform reactive
   fragmentation to avoid re-sending the already transmitted part of the
   bundle.  In addition, there is no explicit flow control on the TCPCL
   layer.

   A TCPCL receiver can interrupt the transmission of a bundle at any
   point in time by replying with a XFER_REFUSE message, which causes
   the sender to stop transmission of the associated bundle (if it
   hasn't already finished transmission) Note: This enables a cross-
   layer optimization in that it allows a receiver that detects that it
   already has received a certain bundle to interrupt transmission as
   early as possible and thus save transmission capacity for other
   bundles.

   For sessions that are idle, a KEEPALIVE message is sent at a
   negotiated interval.  This is used to convey node live-ness
   information during otherwise message-less time intervals.

   A SESS_TERM message is used to start the closing of a TCPCL session
   (see Section 6.1).  During shutdown sequencing, in-progress transfers
   can be completed but no new transfers can be initiated.  A SESS_TERM
   message can also be used to refuse a session setup by a peer (see
   Section 4.3).  It is an implementation matter to determine whether or
   not to close a TCPCL session while there are no transfers queued or
   in-progress.

   TCPCL is a symmetric protocol between the peers of a session.  Both
   sides can start sending data segments in a session, and one side's
   bundle transfer does not have to complete before the other side can
   start sending data segments on its own.  Hence, the protocol allows
   for a bi-directional mode of communication.  Note that in the case of
   concurrent bidirectional transmission, acknowledgment segments MAY be
   interleaved with data segments.

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3.2.  Transfer Segmentation Policies

   Each TCPCL session allows a negotiated transfer segmentation polcy to
   be applied in each transfer direction.  A receiving node can set the
   Segment MRU in its contact header to determine the largest acceptable
   segment size, and a transmitting node can segment a transfer into any
   sizes smaller than the receiver's Segment MRU.  It is a network
   administration matter to determine an appropriate segmentation policy
   for entities operating TCPCL, but guidance given here can be used to
   steer policy toward performance goals.

   Minimum Overhead  For a simple network expected to exchange
      relatively small bundles, the Segment MRU can be set to be
      identical to the Transfer MRU which indicates that all transfers
      can be sent with a single data segment (i.e. no actual
      segmentation).  If the network is closed and all transmitters are
      known to follow a single-segment transfer policy, then receivers
      can avoid the necessity of segment reassembly.  Because this CL
      operates over a TCP stream, which suffers from a form of head-of-
      queue blocking between messages, while one node is transmitting a
      single XFER_SEGMENT message it is not able to transmit any
      XFER_ACK or XFER_REFUSE for any associated received transfers.

   Predictable Message Sizing  In situations where the maximum message
      size is desired to be well-controlled, the Segment MRU can be set
      to the largest acceptable size (the message size less XFER_SEGMENT
      header size) and transmitters can always segment a transfer into
      maximum-size chunks no larger than the Segment MRU.  This
      guarantees that any single XFER_SEGMENT will not monopolize the
      TCP stream for too long, which would prevent outgoing XFER_ACK and
      XFER_REFUSE associated with received transfers.

   Dynamic Segmentation  Even after negotiation of a Segment MRU for
      each receiving node, the actual transfer segmentation only needs
      to guarantee than any individual segment is no larger than that
      MRU.  In a situation where network "goodput" is dynamic, the
      transfer segmentation size can also be dynamic in order to control
      message transmission duration.

   Many other policies can be established in a TCPCL network between
   these two extremes.  Different policies can be applied to each
   direction to/from any particular node.  Additionally, future header
   and transfer extension types can apply further nuance to transfer
   policies and policy negotiation.

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3.3.  Example Message Exchange

   The following figure depicts the protocol exchange for a simple
   session, showing the session establishment and the transmission of a
   single bundle split into three data segments (of lengths "L1", "L2",
   and "L3") from Entity A to Entity B.

   Note that the sending node MAY transmit multiple XFER_SEGMENT
   messages without necessarily waiting for the corresponding XFER_ACK
   responses.  This enables pipelining of messages on a channel.
   Although this example only demonstrates a single bundle transmission,
   it is also possible to pipeline multiple XFER_SEGMENT messages for
   different bundles without necessarily waiting for XFER_ACK messages
   to be returned for each one.  However, interleaving data segments
   from different bundles is not allowed.

   No errors or rejections are shown in this example.

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                Entity A                             Entity B
                ========                             ========
       +-------------------------+
       |     Contact Header      | ->      +-------------------------+
       +-------------------------+      <- |     Contact Header      |
                                           +-------------------------+
       +-------------------------+
       |        SESS_INIT        | ->      +-------------------------+
       +-------------------------+      <- |        SESS_INIT        |
                                           +-------------------------+

       +-------------------------+
       |        XFER_INIT        | ->
       |     Transfer ID [I1]    |
       |    Total Length [L1]    |
       +-------------------------+
       +-------------------------+
       |   XFER_SEGMENT (start)  | ->
       |     Transfer ID [I1]    |
       |       Length [L1]       |
       |  Bundle Data 0..(L1-1)  |
       +-------------------------+
       +-------------------------+         +-------------------------+
       |     XFER_SEGMENT        | ->   <- |     XFER_ACK (start)    |
       |     Transfer ID [I1]    |         |     Transfer ID [I1]    |
       |       Length   [L2]     |         |        Length   [L1]    |
       |Bundle Data L1..(L1+L2-1)|         +-------------------------+
       +-------------------------+
       +-------------------------+         +-------------------------+
       |    XFER_SEGMENT (end)   | ->   <- |         XFER_ACK        |
       |     Transfer ID [I1]    |         |     Transfer ID [I1]    |
       |        Length   [L3]    |         |      Length   [L1+L2]   |
       |Bundle Data              |         +-------------------------+
       |    (L1+L2)..(L1+L2+L3-1)|
       +-------------------------+
                                           +-------------------------+
                                        <- |      XFER_ACK (end)     |
                                           |     Transfer ID [I1]    |
                                           |     Length   [L1+L2+L3] |
                                           +-------------------------+

       +-------------------------+
       |       SESS_TERM         | ->      +-------------------------+
       +-------------------------+      <- |        SESS_TERM        |
                                           +-------------------------+

   Figure 3: An example of the flow of protocol messages on a single TCP
                       Session between two entities

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4.  Session Establishment

   For bundle transmissions to occur using the TCPCL, a TCPCL session
   MUST first be established between communicating entities.  It is up
   to the implementation to decide how and when session setup is
   triggered.  For example, some sessions MAY be opened proactively and
   maintained for as long as is possible given the network conditions,
   while other sessions MAY be opened only when there is a bundle that
   is queued for transmission and the routing algorithm selects a
   certain next-hop node.

4.1.  TCP Connection

   To establish a TCPCL session, an entity MUST first establish a TCP
   connection with the intended peer entity, typically by using the
   services provided by the operating system.  Destination port number
   4556 has been assigned by IANA as the Registered Port number for the
   TCP convergence layer.  Other destination port numbers MAY be used
   per local configuration.  Determining a peer's destination port
   number (if different from the registered TCPCL port number) is up to
   the implementation.  Any source port number MAY be used for TCPCL
   sessions.  Typically an operating system assigned number in the TCP
   Ephemeral range (49152-65535) is used.

   If the entity is unable to establish a TCP connection for any reason,
   then it is an implementation matter to determine how to handle the
   connection failure.  An entity MAY decide to re-attempt to establish
   the connection.  If it does so, it MUST NOT overwhelm its target with
   repeated connection attempts.  Therefore, the entity MUST retry the
   connection setup no earlier than some delay time from the last
   attempt, and it SHOULD use a (binary) exponential backoff mechanism
   to increase this delay in case of repeated failures.

   Once a TCP connection is established, each entity MUST immediately
   transmit a contact header over the TCP connection.  The format of the
   contact header is described in Section 4.2.

4.2.  Contact Header

   Once a TCP connection is established, both parties exchange a contact
   header.  This section describes the format of the contact header and
   the meaning of its fields.

   Upon receipt of the contact header, both entities perform the
   validation and negotiation procedures defined in Section 4.3.  After
   receiving the contact header from the other entity, either entity MAY
   refuse the session by sending a SESS_TERM message with an appropriate
   reason code.

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   The format for the Contact Header is as follows:

                          1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
     |                          magic='dtn!'                         |
     +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
     |     Version   |   Flags       |
     +---------------+---------------+

                      Figure 4: Contact Header Format

   See Section 4.3 for details on the use of each of these contact
   header fields.  The fields of the contact header are:

   magic:  A four-octet field that always contains the octet sequence
      0x64 0x74 0x6e 0x21, i.e., the text string "dtn!" in US-ASCII (and
      UTF-8).

   Version:  A one-octet field value containing the value 4 (current
      version of the protocol).

   Flags:  A one-octet field of single-bit flags, interpreted according
      to the descriptions in Table 1.

   +----------+--------+-----------------------------------------------+
   | Name     | Code   | Description                                   |
   +----------+--------+-----------------------------------------------+
   | CAN_TLS  | 0x01   | If bit is set, indicates that the sending     |
   |          |        | peer is capable of TLS security.              |
   |          |        |                                               |
   | Reserved | others |
   +----------+--------+-----------------------------------------------+

                       Table 1: Contact Header Flags

4.3.  Contact Validation and Negotiation

   Upon reception of the contact header, each node follows the following
   procedures to ensure the validity of the TCPCL session and to
   negotiate values for the session parameters.

   If the magic string is not present or is not valid, the connection
   MUST be terminated.  The intent of the magic string is to provide
   some protection against an inadvertent TCP connection by a different
   protocol than the one described in this document.  To prevent a flood
   of repeated connections from a misconfigured application, an entity

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   MAY elect to hold an invalid connection open and idle for some time
   before closing it.

   A connecting TCPCL node SHALL send the highest TCPCL protocol version
   on a first session attempt for a TCPCL peer.  If a connecting node
   receives a SESS_TERM message with reason of "Version Mismatch", that
   node MAY attempt further TCPCL sessions with the peer using earlier
   protocol version numbers in decreasing order.  Managing multi-TCPCL-
   session state such as this is an implementation matter.

   If an entity receives a contact header containing a version that is
   greater than the current version of the protocol that the node
   implements, then the node SHALL shutdown the session with a reason
   code of "Version mismatch".  If an entity receives a contact header
   with a version that is lower than the version of the protocol that
   the node implements, the node MAY either terminate the session (with
   a reason code of "Version mismatch") or the node MAY adapt its
   operation to conform to the older version of the protocol.  The
   decision of version fall-back is an implementation matter.

4.4.  Session Security

   This version of the TCPCL supports establishing a Transport Layer
   Security (TLS) session within an existing TCP connection.  When TLS
   is used within the TCPCL it affects the entire session.  Once
   established, there is no mechanism available to downgrade a TCPCL
   session to non-TLS operation.  If this is desired, the entire TCPCL
   session MUST be shutdown and a new non-TLS-negotiated session
   established.

   The use of TLS is negotated using the Contact Header as described in
   Section 4.3.  After negotiating an Enable TLS parameter of true, and
   before any other TCPCL messages are sent within the session, the
   session entities SHALL begin a TLS handshake in accordance with
   [RFC5246].  The parameters within each TLS negotiation are
   implementation dependent but any TCPCL node SHOULD follow all
   recommended best practices of [RFC7525].  By convention, this
   protocol uses the node which initiated the underlying TCP connection
   as the "client" role of the TLS handshake request.

   The TLS handshake, if it occurs, is considered to be part of the
   contact negotiation before the TCPCL session itself is established.
   Specifics about sensitive data exposure are discussed in Section 8.

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4.4.1.  TLS Handshake Result

   If a TLS handshake cannot negotiate a TLS session, both entities of
   the TCPCL session SHALL start a TCPCL shutdown with reason "TLS
   Failure".

   After a TLS session is successfully established, both TCPCL entities
   SHALL re-exchange TCPCL Contact Header messages.  Any information
   cached from the prior Contact Header exchange SHALL be discarded.
   This re-exchange avoids a "man-in-the-middle" attack in identical
   fashion to [RFC2595].  Each re-exchange header CAN_TLS flag SHALL be
   identical to the original header CAN_TLS flag from the same node.
   The CAN_TLS logic (TLS negotiation) SHALL NOT apply during header re-
   exchange.  This reinforces the fact that there is no TLS downgrade
   mechanism.

4.4.2.  Example TLS Initiation

   A summary of a typical CAN_TLS usage is shown in the sequence in
   Figure 5 below.

                Entity A                             Entity B
                ========                             ========

       +-------------------------+
       |  Open TCP Connnection   | ->
       +-------------------------+         +-------------------------+
                                        <- |   Accept Connection     |
                                           +-------------------------+

       +-------------------------+         +-------------------------+
       |     Contact Header      | ->   <- |     Contact Header      |
       +-------------------------+         +-------------------------+

       +-------------------------+         +-------------------------+
       |     TLS Negotiation     | ->   <- |     TLS Negotiation     |
       |       (as client)       |         |       (as server)       |
       +-------------------------+         +-------------------------+

           ... secured TCPCL messaging, starting with SESS_INIT ...

       +-------------------------+         +-------------------------+
       |       SESS_TERM          | ->   <- |         SESS_TERM        |
       +-------------------------+         +-------------------------+

   Figure 5: A simple visual example of TCPCL TLS Establishment between
                               two entities

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4.5.  Message Type Codes

   After the initial exchange of a contact header, all messages
   transmitted over the session are identified by a one-octet header
   with the following structure:

                              0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
                             +---------------+
                             | Message Type  |
                             +---------------+

                  Figure 6: Format of the Message Header

   The message header fields are as follows:

   Message Type:  Indicates the type of the message as per Table 2
      below.  Encoded values are listed in Section 9.5.

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   +--------------+----------------------------------------------------+
   | Type         | Description                                        |
   +--------------+----------------------------------------------------+
   | SESS_INIT    | Contains the session parameter inputs from one of  |
   |              | the entities, as described in Section 4.6.         |
   |              |                                                    |
   | XFER_INIT    | Contains the length (in octets) of the next        |
   |              | transfer, as described in Section 5.2.2.           |
   |              |                                                    |
   | XFER_SEGMENT | Indicates the transmission of a segment of bundle  |
   |              | data, as described in Section 5.2.3.               |
   |              |                                                    |
   | XFER_ACK     | Acknowledges reception of a data segment, as       |
   |              | described in Section 5.2.4.                        |
   |              |                                                    |
   | XFER_REFUSE  | Indicates that the transmission of the current     |
   |              | bundle SHALL be stopped, as described in Section   |
   |              | 5.2.5.                                             |
   |              |                                                    |
   | KEEPALIVE    | Used to keep TCPCL session active, as described in |
   |              | Section 5.1.1.                                     |
   |              |                                                    |
   | SESS_TERM    | Indicates that one of the entities participating   |
   |              | in the session wishes to cleanly terminate the     |
   |              | session, as described in Section 6.                |
   |              |                                                    |
   | MSG_REJECT   | Contains a TCPCL message rejection, as described   |
   |              | in Section 5.1.2.                                  |
   +--------------+----------------------------------------------------+

                       Table 2: TCPCL Message Types

4.6.  Session Initialization Message (SESS_INIT)

   Before a session is established and ready to transfer bundles, the
   session parameters are negotiated between the connected entities.
   The SESS_INIT message is used to convey the per-entity parameters
   which are used together to negotiate the per-session parameters.

   The format of a SESS_INIT message is as follows in Figure 7.

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                     +-------------------------------+
                     |        Message Header         |
                     +-------------------------------+
                     |    Keepalive Interval (U16)   |
                     +-------------------------------+
                     |       Segment MRU (U64)       |
                     +-------------------------------+
                     |      Transfer MRU (U64)       |
                     +-------------------------------+
                     |        EID Length (U16)       |
                     +-------------------------------+
                     |      EID Data (variable)      |
                     +-------------------------------+
                     | Session Extension Length (U64)|
                     +-------------------------------+
                     | Session Extension Items (var.)|
                     +-------------------------------+

                        Figure 7: SESS_INIT Format

      A 16-bit unsigned integer indicating the interval, in seconds,
      between any subsequent messages being transmitted by the peer.
      The peer receiving this contact header uses this interval to
      determine how long to wait after any last-message transmission and
      a necessary subsequent KEEPALIVE message transmission.

      A 64-bit unsigned integer indicating the largest allowable single-
      segment data payload size to be received in this session.  Any
      XFER_SEGMENT sent to this peer SHALL have a data payload no longer
      than the peer's Segment MRU.  The two entities of a single session
      MAY have different Segment MRUs, and no relation between the two
      is required.

      A 64-bit unsigned integer indicating the largest allowable total-
      bundle data size to be received in this session.  Any bundle
      transfer sent to this peer SHALL have a Total Bundle Length
      payload no longer than the peer's Transfer MRU.  This value can be
      used to perform proactive bundle fragmentation.  The two entities
      of a single session MAY have different Transfer MRUs, and no
      relation between the two is required.

      Together these fields represent a variable-length text string.
      The EID Length is a 16-bit unsigned integer indicating the number
      of octets of EID Data to follow.  A zero EID Length SHALL be used
      to indicate the lack of EID rather than a truly empty EID.  This
      case allows an entity to avoid exposing EID information on an
      untrusted network.  A non-zero-length EID Data SHALL contain the
      UTF-8 encoded EID of some singleton endpoint in which the sending

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      entity is a member, in the canonical format of <scheme
      name>:<scheme-specific part>.  This EID encoding is consistent
      with [I-D.ietf-dtn-bpbis].

      Together these fields represent protocol extension data not
      defined by this specification.  The Session Extension Length is
      the total number of octets to follow which are used to encode the
      Session Extension Item list.  The encoding of each Session
      Extension Item is within a consistent data container as described
      in Section 4.6.1.  The full set of Session Extension Items apply
      for the duration of the TCPCL session to follow.  The order and
      mulitplicity of these Session Extension Items MAY be significant,
      as defined in the associated type specification(s).

4.6.1.  Session Extension Items

   Each of the Session Extension Items SHALL be encoded in an identical
   Type-Length-Value (TLV) container form as indicated in Figure 8.  The
   fields of the Session Extension Item are:

   Flags:  A one-octet field containing generic bit flags about the
      Item, which are listed in Table 3.  If a TCPCL entity receives a
      Session Extension Item with an unknown Item Type and the CRITICAL
      flag set, the entity SHALL close the TCPCL session with SESS_TERM
      reason code of "Contact Failure".  If the CRITICAL flag is not
      set, an entity SHALL skip over and ignore any item with an unknown
      Item Type.

   Item Type:  A 16-bit unsigned integer field containing the type of
      the extension item.  This specification does not define any
      extension types directly, but does allocate an IANA registry for
      such codes (see Section 9.3).

   Item Length:  A 32-bit unsigned integer field containing the number
      of Item Value octets to follow.

   Item Value:  A variable-length data field which is interpreted
      according to the associated Item Type.  This specification places
      no restrictions on an extension's use of available Item Value
      data.  Extension specification SHOULD avoid the use of large data
      exchanges within the TCPCL contact header as no bundle transfers
      can begin until the full contact exchange and negotiation has been
      completed.

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                          1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
     |  Item Flags   |           Item Type           | Item Length...|
     +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
     |    length contd.                              | Item Value... |
     +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
     |    value contd.                                               |
     +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+

                  Figure 8: Session Extension Item Format

   +----------+--------+-----------------------------------------------+
   | Name     | Code   | Description                                   |
   +----------+--------+-----------------------------------------------+
   | CRITICAL | 0x01   | If bit is set, indicates that the receiving   |
   |          |        | peer must handle the extension item.          |
   |          |        |                                               |
   | Reserved | others |
   +----------+--------+-----------------------------------------------+

                   Table 3: Session Extension Item Flags

4.7.  Session Parameter Negotiation

   An entity calculates the parameters for a TCPCL session by
   negotiating the values from its own preferences (conveyed by the
   contact header it sent to the peer) with the preferences of the peer
   node (expressed in the contact header that it received from the
   peer).  The negotiated parameters defined by this specification are
   described in the following paragraphs.

   Transfer MTU and Segment MTU:  The maximum transmit unit (MTU) for
      whole transfers and individual segments are idententical to the
      Transfer MRU and Segment MRU, respectively, of the recevied
      contact header.  A transmitting peer can send individual segments
      with any size smaller than the Segment MTU, depending on local
      policy, dynamic network conditions, etc.  Determining the size of
      each transmitted segment is an implementation matter.

   Session Keepalive:  Negotiation of the Session Keepalive parameter is
      performed by taking the minimum of this two contact headers'
      Keepalive Interval.  The Session Keepalive interval is a parameter
      for the behavior described in Section 5.1.1.

   Enable TLS:  Negotiation of the Enable TLS parameter is performed by
      taking the logical AND of the two contact headers' CAN_TLS flags.
      A local security policy is then applied to determine of the

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      negotated value of Enable TLS is acceptable.  If not, the node
      SHALL shutdown the session with a reason code of "Contact
      Failure".  Note that this contact failure is different than a "TLS
      Failure" after an agreed-upon and acceptable Enable TLS state.  If
      the negotiated Enable TLS value is true and acceptable then TLS
      negotiation feature (described in Section 4.4) begins immediately
      following the contact header exchange.

   Once this process of parameter negotiation is completed (which
   includes a possible completed TLS handshake of the connection to use
   TLS), this protocol defines no additional mechanism to change the
   parameters of an established session; to effect such a change, the
   TCPCL session MUST be terminated and a new session established.

5.  Established Session Operation

   This section describes the protocol operation for the duration of an
   established session, including the mechanism for transmitting bundles
   over the session.

5.1.  Upkeep and Status Messages

5.1.1.  Session Upkeep (KEEPALIVE)

   The protocol includes a provision for transmission of KEEPALIVE
   messages over the TCPCL session to help determine if the underlying
   TCP connection has been disrupted.

   As described in Section 4.3, a negotiated parameter of each session
   is the Session Keepalive interval.  If the negotiated Session
   Keepalive is zero (i.e. one or both contact headers contains a zero
   Keepalive Interval), then the keepalive feature is disabled.  There
   is no logical minimum value for the keepalive interval, but when used
   for many sessions on an open, shared network a short interval could
   lead to excessive traffic.  For shared network use, entities SHOULD
   choose a keepalive interval no shorter than 30 seconds.  There is no
   logical maximum value for the keepalive interval, but an idle TCP
   connection is liable for closure by the host operating system if the
   keepalive time is longer than tens-of-minutes.  Entities SHOULD
   choose a keepalive interval no longer than 10 minutes (600 seconds).

   Note: The Keepalive Interval SHOULD NOT be chosen too short as TCP
   retransmissions MAY occur in case of packet loss.  Those will have to
   be triggered by a timeout (TCP retransmission timeout (RTO)), which
   is dependent on the measured RTT for the TCP connection so that
   KEEPALIVE messages MAY experience noticeable latency.

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   The format of a KEEPALIVE message is a one-octet message type code of
   KEEPALIVE (as described in Table 2) with no additional data.  Both
   sides SHOULD send a KEEPALIVE message whenever the negotiated
   interval has elapsed with no transmission of any message (KEEPALIVE
   or other).

   If no message (KEEPALIVE or other) has been received in a session
   after some implementation-defined time duration, then the node MAY
   terminate the session by transmitting a SESS_TERM message (as
   described in Section 6.1) with reason code "Idle Timeout.

5.1.2.  Message Rejection (MSG_REJECT)

   If a TCPCL node receives a message which is unknown to it (possibly
   due to an unhandled protocol mismatch) or is inappropriate for the
   current session state (e.g. a KEEPALIVE message received after
   contact header negotiation has disabled that feature), there is a
   protocol-level message to signal this condition in the form of a
   MSG_REJECT reply.

   The format of a MSG_REJECT message is as follows in Figure 9.

                      +-----------------------------+
                      |       Message Header        |
                      +-----------------------------+
                      |      Reason Code (U8)       |
                      +-----------------------------+
                      |   Rejected Message Header   |
                      +-----------------------------+

                  Figure 9: Format of MSG_REJECT Messages

   The fields of the MSG_REJECT message are:

   Reason Code:  A one-octet refusal reason code interpreted according
      to the descriptions in Table 4.

   Rejected Message Header:  The Rejected Message Header is a copy of
      the Message Header to which the MSG_REJECT message is sent as a
      response.

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   +-------------+------+----------------------------------------------+
   | Name        | Code | Description                                  |
   +-------------+------+----------------------------------------------+
   | Message     | 0x01 | A message was received with a Message Type   |
   | Type        |      | code unknown to the TCPCL node.              |
   | Unknown     |      |                                              |
   |             |      |                                              |
   | Message     | 0x02 | A message was received but the TCPCL node    |
   | Unsupported |      | cannot comply with the message contents.     |
   |             |      |                                              |
   | Message     | 0x03 | A message was received while the session is  |
   | Unexpected  |      | in a state in which the message is not       |
   |             |      | expected.                                    |
   +-------------+------+----------------------------------------------+

                     Table 4: MSG_REJECT Reason Codes

5.2.  Bundle Transfer

   All of the messages in this section are directly associated with
   transferring a bundle between TCPCL entities.

   A single TCPCL transfer results in a bundle (handled by the
   convergence layer as opaque data) being exchanged from one node to
   the other.  In TCPCL a transfer is accomplished by dividing a single
   bundle up into "segments" based on the receiving-side Segment MRU
   (see Section 4.2).  The choice of the length to use for segments is
   an implementation matter, but each segment MUST be no larger than the
   receiving node's maximum receive unit (MRU) (see the field "Segment
   MRU" of Section 4.2).  The first segment for a bundle MUST set the
   'START' flag, and the last one MUST set the 'end' flag in the
   XFER_SEGMENT message flags.

   A single transfer (and by extension a single segment) SHALL NOT
   contain data of more than a single bundle.  This requirement is
   imposed on the agent using the TCPCL rather than TCPCL itself.

   If multiple bundles are transmitted on a single TCPCL connection,
   they MUST be transmitted consecutively without interleaving of
   segments from multiple bundles.

5.2.1.  Bundle Transfer ID

   Each of the bundle transfer messages contains a Transfer ID which is
   used to correlate messages (from both sides of a transfer) for each
   bundle.  A Transfer ID does not attempt to address uniqueness of the
   bundle data itself and has no relation to concepts such as bundle
   fragmentation.  Each invocation of TCPCL by the bundle protocol

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   agent, requesting transmission of a bundle (fragmentary or
   otherwise), results in the initiation of a single TCPCL transfer.
   Each transfer entails the sending of a XFER_INIT message and some
   number of XFER_SEGMENT and XFER_ACK messages; all are correlated by
   the same Transfer ID.

   Transfer IDs from each node SHALL be unique within a single TCPCL
   session.  The initial Transfer ID from each node SHALL have value
   zero.  Subsequent Transfer ID values SHALL be incremented from the
   prior Transfer ID value by one.  Upon exhaustion of the entire 64-bit
   Transfer ID space, the sending node SHALL terminate the session with
   SESS_TERM reason code "Resource Exhaustion".

   For bidirectional bundle transfers, a TCPCL node SHOULD NOT rely on
   any relation between Transfer IDs originating from each side of the
   TCPCL session.

5.2.2.  Transfer Initialization (XFER_INIT)

   The XFER_INIT message contains the total length, in octets, of the
   bundle data in the associated transfer.  The total length is
   formatted as a 64-bit unsigned integer.

   The purpose of the XFER_INIT message is to allow entities to
   preemptively refuse bundles that would exceed their resources or to
   prepare storage on the receiving node for the upcoming bundle data.
   See Section 5.2.5 for details on when refusal based on XFER_INIT
   content is acceptable.

   The Total Bundle Length field within a XFER_INIT message SHALL be
   treated as authoritative by the receiver.  If, for whatever reason,
   the actual total length of bundle data received differs from the
   value indicated by the XFER_INIT message, the receiver SHOULD treat
   the transmitted data as invalid.

   The format of the XFER_INIT message is as follows in Figure 10.

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                      +-----------------------------+
                      |       Message Header        |
                      +-----------------------------+
                      |      Transfer ID (U64)      |
                      +-----------------------------+
                      |  Total Bundle Length (U64)  |
                      +-----------------------------+
                      |      Transfer Extension     |
                      |          Length (U64)       |
                      +-----------------------------+
                      | Transfer Extension Items... |
                      +-----------------------------+

                  Figure 10: Format of XFER_INIT Messages

   The fields of the XFER_INIT message are:

   Transfer ID:  A 64-bit unsigned integer identifying the transfer
      about to begin.

   Total Bundle Length:  A 64-bit unsigned integer indicating the size
      of the data-to-be-transferred.

   Transfer Extension Length and Transfer Extension Items:  Together
      these fields represent protocol extension data not defined by this
      specification.  The Transfer Extension Length is the total number
      of octets to follow which are used to encode the Transfer
      Extension Item list.  The encoding of each Transfer Extension Item
      is within a consistent data container as described in
      Section 5.2.2.1.  The full set of transfer extension items apply
      only to the assoicated single transfer.  The order and
      mulitplicity of these transfer extension items MAY be significant,
      as defined in the associated type specification(s).

   An XFER_INIT message SHALL be sent as the first message in a transfer
   sequence, before transmission of any XFER_SEGMENT messages for the
   same Transfer ID.  XFER_INIT messages MUST NOT be sent unless the
   next XFER_SEGMENT message has the 'START' bit set to "1" (i.e., just
   before the start of a new transfer).

5.2.2.1.  Transfer Extension Items

   Each of the Transfer Extension Items SHALL be encoded in an identical
   Type-Length-Value (TLV) container form as indicated in Figure 11.
   The fields of the Transfer Extension Item are:

   Flags:  A one-octet field containing generic bit flags about the
      Item, which are listed in Table 5.  If a TCPCL node receives a

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      Transfer Extension Item with an unknown Item Type and the CRITICAL
      flag set, the node SHALL close the TCPCL session with SESS_TERM
      reason code of "Contact Failure".  If the CRITICAL flag is not
      set, an entity SHALL skip over and ignore any item with an unknown
      Item Type.

   Item Type:  A 16-bit unsigned integer field containing the type of
      the extension item.  This specification does not define any
      extension types directly, but does allocate an IANA registry for
      such codes (see Section 9.4).

   Item Length:  A 32-bit unsigned integer field containing the number
      of Item Value octets to follow.

   Item Value:  A variable-length data field which is interpreted
      according to the associated Item Type.  This specification places
      no restrictions on an extension's use of available Item Value
      data.  Extension specification SHOULD avoid the use of large data
      exchanges within the XFER_INIT as the associated transfer cannot
      begin until the full initialization message is sent.

                          1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3
      0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
     +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
     |  Item Flags   |           Item Type           | Item Length...|
     +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
     |    length contd.                              | Item Value... |
     +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
     |    value contd.                                               |
     +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+

                 Figure 11: Transfer Extension Item Format

   +----------+--------+-----------------------------------------------+
   | Name     | Code   | Description                                   |
   +----------+--------+-----------------------------------------------+
   | CRITICAL | 0x01   | If bit is set, indicates that the receiving   |
   |          |        | peer must handle the extension item.          |
   |          |        |                                               |
   | Reserved | others |
   +----------+--------+-----------------------------------------------+

                  Table 5: Transfer Extension Item Flags

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5.2.3.  Data Transmission (XFER_SEGMENT)

   Each bundle is transmitted in one or more data segments.  The format
   of a XFER_SEGMENT message follows in Figure 12.

                     +------------------------------+
                     |       Message Header         |
                     +------------------------------+
                     |     Message Flags (U8)       |
                     +------------------------------+
                     |      Transfer ID (U64)       |
                     +------------------------------+
                     |      Data length (U64)       |
                     +------------------------------+
                     | Data contents (octet string) |
                     +------------------------------+

                Figure 12: Format of XFER_SEGMENT Messages

   The fields of the XFER_SEGMENT message are:

   Message Flags:  A one-octet field of single-bit flags, interpreted
      according to the descriptions in Table 6.

   Transfer ID:  A 64-bit unsigned integer identifying the transfer
      being made.

   Data length:  A 64-bit unsigned integer indicating the number of
      octets in the Data contents to follow.

   Data contents:  The variable-length data payload of the message.

   +----------+--------+-----------------------------------------------+
   | Name     | Code   | Description                                   |
   +----------+--------+-----------------------------------------------+
   | END      | 0x01   | If bit is set, indicates that this is the     |
   |          |        | last segment of the transfer.                 |
   |          |        |                                               |
   | START    | 0x02   | If bit is set, indicates that this is the     |
   |          |        | first segment of the transfer.                |
   |          |        |                                               |
   | Reserved | others |
   +----------+--------+-----------------------------------------------+

                        Table 6: XFER_SEGMENT Flags

   The flags portion of the message contains two optional values in the
   two low-order bits, denoted 'START' and 'END' in Table 6.  The

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   'START' bit MUST be set to one if it precedes the transmission of the
   first segment of a transfer.  The 'END' bit MUST be set to one when
   transmitting the last segment of a transfer.  In the case where an
   entire transfer is accomplished in a single segment, both the 'START'
   and 'END' bits MUST be set to one.

   Once a transfer of a bundle has commenced, the node MUST only send
   segments containing sequential portions of that bundle until it sends
   a segment with the 'END' bit set.  No interleaving of multiple
   transfers from the same node is possible within a single TCPCL
   session.  Simultaneous transfers between two entities MAY be achieved
   using multiple TCPCL sessions.

5.2.4.  Data Acknowledgments (XFER_ACK)

   Although the TCP transport provides reliable transfer of data between
   transport peers, the typical BSD sockets interface provides no means
   to inform a sending application of when the receiving application has
   processed some amount of transmitted data.  Thus, after transmitting
   some data, the TCPCL needs an additional mechanism to determine
   whether the receiving agent has successfully received the segment.
   To this end, the TCPCL protocol provides feedback messaging whereby a
   receiving node transmits acknowledgments of reception of data
   segments.

   The format of an XFER_ACK message follows in Figure 13.

                      +-----------------------------+
                      |       Message Header        |
                      +-----------------------------+
                      |     Message Flags (U8)      |
                      +-----------------------------+
                      |      Transfer ID (U64)      |
                      +-----------------------------+
                      | Acknowledged length (U64)   |
                      +-----------------------------+

                  Figure 13: Format of XFER_ACK Messages

   The fields of the XFER_ACK message are:

   Message Flags:  A one-octet field of single-bit flags, interpreted
      according to the descriptions in Table 6.

   Transfer ID:  A 64-bit unsigned integer identifying the transfer
      being acknowledged.

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   Acknowledged length:  A 64-bit unsigned integer indicating the total
      number of octets in the transfer which are being acknowledged.

   A receiving TCPCL node SHALL send an XFER_ACK message in response to
   each received XFER_SEGMENT message.  The flags portion of the
   XFER_ACK header SHALL be set to match the corresponding DATA_SEGMENT
   message being acknowledged.  The acknowledged length of each XFER_ACK
   contains the sum of the data length fields of all XFER_SEGMENT
   messages received so far in the course of the indicated transfer.
   The sending node MAY transmit multiple XFER_SEGMENT messages without
   necessarily waiting for the corresponding XFER_ACK responses.  This
   enables pipelining of messages on a channel.

   For example, suppose the sending node transmits four segments of
   bundle data with lengths 100, 200, 500, and 1000, respectively.
   After receiving the first segment, the node sends an acknowledgment
   of length 100.  After the second segment is received, the node sends
   an acknowledgment of length 300.  The third and fourth
   acknowledgments are of length 800 and 1800, respectively.

5.2.5.  Transfer Refusal (XFER_REFUSE)

   The TCPCL supports a mechanism by which a receiving node can indicate
   to the sender that it does not want to receive the corresponding
   bundle.  To do so, upon receiving a XFER_INIT or XFER_SEGMENT
   message, the node MAY transmit a XFER_REFUSE message.  As data
   segments and acknowledgments MAY cross on the wire, the bundle that
   is being refused SHALL be identified by the Transfer ID of the
   refusal.

   There is no required relation between the Transfer MRU of a TCPCL
   node (which is supposed to represent a firm limitation of what the
   node will accept) and sending of a XFER_REFUSE message.  A
   XFER_REFUSE can be used in cases where the agent's bundle storage is
   temporarily depleted or somehow constrained.  A XFER_REFUSE can also
   be used after the bundle header or any bundle data is inspected by an
   agent and determined to be unacceptable.

   A receiver MAY send an XFER_REFUSE message as soon as it receives a
   XFER_INIT message without waiting for the next XFER_SEGMENT message.
   The sender MUST be prepared for this and MUST associate the refusal
   with the correct bundle via the Transfer ID fields.

   The format of the XFER_REFUSE message is as follows in Figure 14.

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                      +-----------------------------+
                      |       Message Header        |
                      +-----------------------------+
                      |      Reason Code (U8)       |
                      +-----------------------------+
                      |      Transfer ID (U64)      |
                      +-----------------------------+

                 Figure 14: Format of XFER_REFUSE Messages

   The fields of the XFER_REFUSE message are:

   Reason Code:  A one-octet refusal reason code interpreted according
      to the descriptions in Table 7.

   Transfer ID:  A 64-bit unsigned integer identifying the transfer
      being refused.

   +------------+------------------------------------------------------+
   | Name       | Semantics                                            |
   +------------+------------------------------------------------------+
   | Unknown    | Reason for refusal is unknown or not specified.      |
   |            |                                                      |
   | Completed  | The receiver already has the complete bundle. The    |
   |            | sender MAY consider the bundle as completely         |
   |            | received.                                            |
   |            |                                                      |
   | No         | The receiver's resources are exhausted. The sender   |
   | Resources  | SHOULD apply reactive bundle fragmentation before    |
   |            | retrying.                                            |
   |            |                                                      |
   | Retransmit | The receiver has encountered a problem that requires |
   |            | the bundle to be retransmitted in its entirety.      |
   +------------+------------------------------------------------------+

                     Table 7: XFER_REFUSE Reason Codes

   The receiver MUST, for each transfer preceding the one to be refused,
   have either acknowledged all XFER_SEGMENTs or refused the bundle
   transfer.

   The bundle transfer refusal MAY be sent before an entire data segment
   is received.  If a sender receives a XFER_REFUSE message, the sender
   MUST complete the transmission of any partially sent XFER_SEGMENT
   message.  There is no way to interrupt an individual TCPCL message
   partway through sending it.  The sender MUST NOT commence
   transmission of any further segments of the refused bundle
   subsequently.  Note, however, that this requirement does not ensure

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   that an entity will not receive another XFER_SEGMENT for the same
   bundle after transmitting a XFER_REFUSE message since messages MAY
   cross on the wire; if this happens, subsequent segments of the bundle
   SHOULD also be refused with a XFER_REFUSE message.

   Note: If a bundle transmission is aborted in this way, the receiver
   MAY not receive a segment with the 'END' flag set to '1' for the
   aborted bundle.  The beginning of the next bundle is identified by
   the 'START' bit set to '1', indicating the start of a new transfer,
   and with a distinct Transfer ID value.

6.  Session Termination

   This section describes the procedures for ending a TCPCL session.

6.1.  Session Termination Message (SESS_TERM)

   To cleanly shut down a session, a SESS_TERM message SHALL be
   transmitted by either node at any point following complete
   transmission of any other message.  Upon receiving a SESS_TERM
   message after not sending a SESS_TERM message in the same session, an
   entity SHOULD send a confirmation SESS_TERM message with identical
   content to the SESS_TERM for which it is confirming.

   After sending a SESS_TERM message, an entity MAY continue a possible
   in-progress transfer in either direction.  After sending a SESS_TERM
   message, an entity SHALL NOT begin any new outgoing transfer (i.e.
   send an XFER_INIT message) for the remainder of the session.  After
   receving a SESS_TERM message, an entity SHALL NOT accept any new
   incoming transfer for the remainder of the session.

   Instead of following a clean shutdown sequence, after transmitting a
   SESS_TERM message an entity MAY immediately close the associated TCP
   connection.  When performing an unclean shutdown, a receiving node
   SHOULD acknowledge all received data segments before closing the TCP
   connection.  When performing an unclean shutodwn, a transmitting node
   SHALL treat either sending or receiving a SESS_TERM message (i.e.
   before the final acknowledgment) as a failure of the transfer.  Any
   delay between request to terminate the TCP connection and actual
   closing of the connection (a "half-closed" state) MAY be ignored by
   the TCPCL node.

   The format of the SESS_TERM message is as follows in Figure 15.

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                   +-----------------------------------+
                   |          Message Header           |
                   +-----------------------------------+
                   |         Message Flags (U8)        |
                   +-----------------------------------+
                   |     Reason Code (optional U8)     |
                   +-----------------------------------+

                  Figure 15: Format of SESS_TERM Messages

   The fields of the SESS_TERM message are:

   Message Flags:  A one-octet field of single-bit flags, interpreted
      according to the descriptions in Table 8.

   Reason Code:  A one-octet refusal reason code interpreted according
      to the descriptions in Table 9.  The Reason Code is present or
      absent as indicated by one of the flags.

   +----------+--------+-----------------------------------------------+
   | Name     | Code   | Description                                   |
   +----------+--------+-----------------------------------------------+
   | R        | 0x02   | If bit is set, indicates that a Reason Code   |
   |          |        | field is present.                             |
   |          |        |                                               |
   | Reserved | others |
   +----------+--------+-----------------------------------------------+

                         Table 8: SESS_TERM Flags

   It is possible for an entity to convey optional information regarding
   the reason for session termination.  To do so, the node MUST set the
   'R' bit in the message flags and transmit a one-octet reason code
   immediately following the message header.  The specified values of
   the reason code are:

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   +---------------+---------------------------------------------------+
   | Name          | Description                                       |
   +---------------+---------------------------------------------------+
   | Idle timeout  | The session is being closed due to idleness.      |
   |               |                                                   |
   | Version       | The node cannot conform to the specified TCPCL    |
   | mismatch      | protocol version.                                 |
   |               |                                                   |
   | Busy          | The node is too busy to handle the current        |
   |               | session.                                          |
   |               |                                                   |
   | Contact       | The node cannot interpret or negotiate contact    |
   | Failure       | header option.                                    |
   |               |                                                   |
   | TLS Failure   | The node failed to negotiate TLS session and      |
   |               | cannot continue the session.                      |
   |               |                                                   |
   | Resource      | The node has run into some resource limit and     |
   | Exhaustion    | cannot continue the session.                      |
   +---------------+---------------------------------------------------+

                      Table 9: SESS_TERM Reason Codes

   A session shutdown MAY occur immediately after transmission of a
   contact header (and prior to any further message transmit).  This
   MAY, for example, be used to notify that the node is currently not
   able or willing to communicate.  However, an entity MUST always send
   the contact header to its peer before sending a SESS_TERM message.

   If reception of the contact header itself somehow fails (e.g. an
   invalid "magic string" is recevied), an entity SHOULD close the TCP
   connection without sending a SESS_TERM message.  If the content of
   the Session Extension Items data disagrees with the Session Extension
   Length (i.e. the last Item claims to use more octets than are present
   in the Session Extension Length), the reception of the contact header
   is considered to have failed.

   If a session is to be terminated before a protocol message has
   completed being sent, then the node MUST NOT transmit the SESS_TERM
   message but still SHOULD close the TCP connection.  Each TCPCL
   message is contiguous in the octet stream and has no ability to be
   cut short and/or preempted by an other message.  This is particularly
   important when large segment sizes are being transmitted; either
   entire XFER_SEGMENT is sent before a SESS_TERM message or the
   connection is simply terminated mid-XFER_SEGMENT.

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6.2.  Idle Session Shutdown

   The protocol includes a provision for clean shutdown of idle
   sessions.  Determining the length of time to wait before closing idle
   sessions, if they are to be closed at all, is an implementation and
   configuration matter.

   If there is a configured time to close idle links and if no TCPCL
   messages (other than KEEPALIVE messages) has been received for at
   least that amount of time, then either node MAY terminate the session
   by transmitting a SESS_TERM message indicating the reason code of
   "Idle timeout" (as described in Table 9).

7.  Implementation Status

   [NOTE to the RFC Editor: please remove this section before
   publication, as well as the reference to [RFC7942] and
   [github-dtn-bpbis-tcpcl].]

   This section records the status of known implementations of the
   protocol defined by this specification at the time of posting of this
   Internet-Draft, and is based on a proposal described in [RFC7942].
   The description of implementations in this section is intended to
   assist the IETF in its decision processes in progressing drafts to
   RFCs.  Please note that the listing of any individual implementation
   here does not imply endorsement by the IETF.  Furthermore, no effort
   has been spent to verify the information presented here that was
   supplied by IETF contributors.  This is not intended as, and must not
   be construed to be, a catalog of available implementations or their
   features.  Readers are advised to note that other implementations may
   exist.

   An example implementation of the this draft of TCPCLv4 has been
   created as a GitHub project [github-dtn-bpbis-tcpcl] and is intented
   to use as a proof-of-concept and as a possible source of
   interoperability testing.  This example implementation uses D-Bus as
   the CL-BP Agent interface, so it only runs on hosts which provide the
   Python "dbus" library.

8.  Security Considerations

   One security consideration for this protocol relates to the fact that
   entities present their endpoint identifier as part of the contact
   header exchange.  It would be possible for an entity to fake this
   value and present the identity of a singleton endpoint in which the
   node is not a member, essentially masquerading as another DTN node.
   If this identifier is used outside of a TLS-secured session or
   without further verification as a means to determine which bundles

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   are transmitted over the session, then the node that has falsified
   its identity would be able to obtain bundles that it otherwise would
   not have.  Therefore, an entity SHALL NOT use the EID value of an
   unsecured contact header to derive a peer node's identity unless it
   can corroborate it via other means.  When TCPCL session security is
   mandated by a TCPCL peer, that peer SHALL transmit initial unsecured
   contact header values indicated in Table 10 in order.  These values
   avoid unnecessarily leaking session parameters and will be ignored
   when secure contact header re-exchange occurs.

   +--------------------+---------------------------------------------+
   | Parameter          | Value                                       |
   +--------------------+---------------------------------------------+
   | Flags              | The USE_TLS flag is set.                    |
   |                    |                                             |
   | Keepalive Interval | Zero, indicating no keepalive.              |
   |                    |                                             |
   | Segment MRU        | Zero, indicating all segments are refused.  |
   |                    |                                             |
   | Transfer MRU       | Zero, indicating all transfers are refused. |
   |                    |                                             |
   | EID                | Empty, indicating lack of EID.              |
   +--------------------+---------------------------------------------+

              Table 10: Recommended Unsecured Contact Header

   TCPCL can be used to provide point-to-point transport security, but
   does not provide security of data-at-rest and does not guarantee end-
   to-end bundle security.  The mechanisms defined in [RFC6257] and
   [I-D.ietf-dtn-bpsec] are to be used instead.

   Even when using TLS to secure the TCPCL session, the actual
   ciphersuite negotiated between the TLS peers MAY be insecure.  TLS
   can be used to perform authentication without data confidentiality,
   for example.  It is up to security policies within each TCPCL node to
   ensure that the negotiated TLS ciphersuite meets transport security
   requirements.  This is identical behavior to STARTTLS use in
   [RFC2595].

   Another consideration for this protocol relates to denial-of-service
   attacks.  An entity MAY send a large amount of data over a TCPCL
   session, requiring the receiving entity to handle the data, attempt
   to stop the flood of data by sending a XFER_REFUSE message, or
   forcibly terminate the session.  This burden could cause denial of
   service on other, well-behaving sessions.  There is also nothing to
   prevent a malicious entity from continually establishing sessions and
   repeatedly trying to send copious amounts of bundle data.  A
   listening entity MAY take countermeasures such as ignoring TCP SYN

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   messages, closing TCP connections as soon as they are established,
   waiting before sending the contact header, sending a SESS_TERM
   message quickly or with a delay, etc.

9.  IANA Considerations

   In this section, registration procedures are as defined in [RFC5226].

   Some of the registries below are created new for TCPCLv4 but share
   code values with TCPCLv3.  This was done to disambiguate the use of
   these values between TCPCLv3 and TCPCLv4 while preserving the
   semantics of some values.

9.1.  Port Number

   Port number 4556 has been previously assigned as the default port for
   the TCP convergence layer in [RFC7242].  This assignment is unchanged
   by protocol version 4.  Each TCPCL entity identifies its TCPCL
   protocol version in its initial contact (see Section 9.2), so there
   is no ambiguity about what protocol is being used.

     +------------------------+-------------------------------------+
     | Parameter              | Value                               |
     +------------------------+-------------------------------------+
     | Service Name:          | dtn-bundle                          |
     |                        |                                     |
     | Transport Protocol(s): | TCP                                 |
     |                        |                                     |
     | Assignee:              | Simon Perreault <simon@per.reau.lt> |
     |                        |                                     |
     | Contact:               | Simon Perreault <simon@per.reau.lt> |
     |                        |                                     |
     | Description:           | DTN Bundle TCP CL Protocol          |
     |                        |                                     |
     | Reference:             | [RFC7242]                           |
     |                        |                                     |
     | Port Number:           | 4556                                |
     +------------------------+-------------------------------------+

9.2.  Protocol Versions

   IANA has created, under the "Bundle Protocol" registry, a sub-
   registry titled "Bundle Protocol TCP Convergence-Layer Version
   Numbers" and initialize it with the following table.  The
   registration procedure is RFC Required.

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               +-------+-------------+---------------------+
               | Value | Description | Reference           |
               +-------+-------------+---------------------+
               | 0     | Reserved    | [RFC7242]           |
               |       |             |                     |
               | 1     | Reserved    | [RFC7242]           |
               |       |             |                     |
               | 2     | Reserved    | [RFC7242]           |
               |       |             |                     |
               | 3     | TCPCL       | [RFC7242]           |
               |       |             |                     |
               | 4     | TCPCLbis    | This specification. |
               |       |             |                     |
               | 5-255 | Unassigned  |
               +-------+-------------+---------------------+

9.3.  Session Extension Types

   EDITOR NOTE: sub-registry to-be-created upon publication of this
   specification.

   IANA will create, under the "Bundle Protocol" registry, a sub-
   registry titled "Bundle Protocol TCP Convergence-Layer Version 4
   Session Extension Types" and initialize it with the contents of
   Table 11.  The registration procedure is RFC Required within the
   lower range 0x0001--0x7fff.  Values in the range 0x8000--0xffff are
   reserved for use on private networks for functions not published to
   the IANA.

               +----------------+--------------------------+
               | Code           | Message Type             |
               +----------------+--------------------------+
               | 0x0000         | Reserved                 |
               |                |                          |
               | 0x0001--0x7fff | Unassigned               |
               |                |                          |
               | 0x8000--0xffff | Private/Experimental Use |
               +----------------+--------------------------+

                  Table 11: Session Extension Type Codes

9.4.  Transfer Extension Types

   EDITOR NOTE: sub-registry to-be-created upon publication of this
   specification.

   IANA will create, under the "Bundle Protocol" registry, a sub-
   registry titled "Bundle Protocol TCP Convergence-Layer Version 4

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   Transfer Extension Types" and initialize it with the contents of
   Table 12.  The registration procedure is RFC Required within the
   lower range 0x0001--0x7fff.  Values in the range 0x8000--0xffff are
   reserved for use on private networks for functions not published to
   the IANA.

               +----------------+--------------------------+
               | Code           | Message Type             |
               +----------------+--------------------------+
               | 0x0000         | Reserved                 |
               |                |                          |
               | 0x0001--0x7fff | Unassigned               |
               |                |                          |
               | 0x8000--0xffff | Private/Experimental Use |
               +----------------+--------------------------+

                  Table 12: Transfer Extension Type Codes

9.5.  Message Types

   EDITOR NOTE: sub-registry to-be-created upon publication of this
   specification.

   IANA will create, under the "Bundle Protocol" registry, a sub-
   registry titled "Bundle Protocol TCP Convergence-Layer Version 4
   Message Types" and initialize it with the contents of Table 13.  The
   registration procedure is RFC Required.

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                       +-----------+--------------+
                       | Code      | Message Type |
                       +-----------+--------------+
                       | 0x00      | Reserved     |
                       |           |              |
                       | 0x01      | XFER_SEGMENT |
                       |           |              |
                       | 0x02      | XFER_ACK     |
                       |           |              |
                       | 0x03      | XFER_REFUSE  |
                       |           |              |
                       | 0x04      | KEEPALIVE    |
                       |           |              |
                       | 0x05      | SESS_TERM    |
                       |           |              |
                       | 0x06      | XFER_INIT    |
                       |           |              |
                       | 0x07      | MSG_REJECT   |
                       |           |              |
                       | 0x08--0xf | Unassigned   |
                       +-----------+--------------+

                       Table 13: Message Type Codes

9.6.  XFER_REFUSE Reason Codes

   EDITOR NOTE: sub-registry to-be-created upon publication of this
   specification.

   IANA will create, under the "Bundle Protocol" registry, a sub-
   registry titled "Bundle Protocol TCP Convergence-Layer Version 4
   XFER_REFUSE Reason Codes" and initialize it with the contents of
   Table 14.  The registration procedure is RFC Required.

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                 +----------+---------------------------+
                 | Code     | Refusal Reason            |
                 +----------+---------------------------+
                 | 0x0      | Unknown                   |
                 |          |                           |
                 | 0x1      | Completed                 |
                 |          |                           |
                 | 0x2      | No Resources              |
                 |          |                           |
                 | 0x3      | Retransmit                |
                 |          |                           |
                 | 0x4--0x7 | Unassigned                |
                 |          |                           |
                 | 0x8--0xf | Reserved for future usage |
                 +----------+---------------------------+

                    Table 14: XFER_REFUSE Reason Codes

9.7.  SESS_TERM Reason Codes

   EDITOR NOTE: sub-registry to-be-created upon publication of this
   specification.

   IANA will create, under the "Bundle Protocol" registry, a sub-
   registry titled "Bundle Protocol TCP Convergence-Layer Version 4
   SESS_TERM Reason Codes" and initialize it with the contents of
   Table 15.  The registration procedure is RFC Required.

                   +------------+---------------------+
                   | Code       | Shutdown Reason     |
                   +------------+---------------------+
                   | 0x00       | Idle timeout        |
                   |            |                     |
                   | 0x01       | Version mismatch    |
                   |            |                     |
                   | 0x02       | Busy                |
                   |            |                     |
                   | 0x03       | Contact Failure     |
                   |            |                     |
                   | 0x04       | TLS failure         |
                   |            |                     |
                   | 0x05       | Resource Exhaustion |
                   |            |                     |
                   | 0x06--0xFF | Unassigned          |
                   +------------+---------------------+

                     Table 15: SESS_TERM Reason Codes

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9.8.  MSG_REJECT Reason Codes

   EDITOR NOTE: sub-registry to-be-created upon publication of this
   specification.

   IANA will create, under the "Bundle Protocol" registry, a sub-
   registry titled "Bundle Protocol TCP Convergence-Layer Version 4
   MSG_REJECT Reason Codes" and initialize it with the contents of
   Table 16.  The registration procedure is RFC Required.

                   +-----------+----------------------+
                   | Code      | Rejection Reason     |
                   +-----------+----------------------+
                   | 0x00      | reserved             |
                   |           |                      |
                   | 0x01      | Message Type Unknown |
                   |           |                      |
                   | 0x02      | Message Unsupported  |
                   |           |                      |
                   | 0x03      | Message Unexpected   |
                   |           |                      |
                   | 0x04-0xFF | Unassigned           |
                   +-----------+----------------------+

                       Table 16: REJECT Reason Codes

10.  Acknowledgments

   This specification is based on comments on implementation of
   [RFC7242] provided from Scott Burleigh.

11.  References

11.1.  Normative References

   [I-D.ietf-dtn-bpbis]
              Burleigh, S., Fall, K., and E. Birrane, "Bundle Protocol
              Version 7", draft-ietf-dtn-bpbis-10 (work in progress),
              November 2017.

   [RFC0793]  Postel, J., "Transmission Control Protocol", STD 7,
              RFC 793, DOI 10.17487/RFC0793, September 1981,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc793>.

   [RFC1122]  Braden, R., Ed., "Requirements for Internet Hosts -
              Communication Layers", STD 3, RFC 1122,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC1122, October 1989,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc1122>.

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   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC5050]  Scott, K. and S. Burleigh, "Bundle Protocol
              Specification", RFC 5050, DOI 10.17487/RFC5050, November
              2007, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5050>.

   [RFC5226]  Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an
              IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", RFC 5226,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC5226, May 2008,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5226>.

   [RFC5246]  Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The Transport Layer Security
              (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2", RFC 5246,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC5246, August 2008,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5246>.

   [RFC7525]  Sheffer, Y., Holz, R., and P. Saint-Andre,
              "Recommendations for Secure Use of Transport Layer
              Security (TLS) and Datagram Transport Layer Security
              (DTLS)", BCP 195, RFC 7525, DOI 10.17487/RFC7525, May
              2015, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7525>.

11.2.  Informative References

   [github-dtn-bpbis-tcpcl]
              Sipos, B., "TCPCL Example Implementation",
              <https://github.com/BSipos-RKF/dtn-bpbis-tcpcl/tree/
              develop>.

   [I-D.ietf-dtn-bpsec]
              Birrane, E. and K. McKeever, "Bundle Protocol Security
              Specification", draft-ietf-dtn-bpsec-06 (work in
              progress), October 2017.

   [RFC2595]  Newman, C., "Using TLS with IMAP, POP3 and ACAP",
              RFC 2595, DOI 10.17487/RFC2595, June 1999,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2595>.

   [RFC4838]  Cerf, V., Burleigh, S., Hooke, A., Torgerson, L., Durst,
              R., Scott, K., Fall, K., and H. Weiss, "Delay-Tolerant
              Networking Architecture", RFC 4838, DOI 10.17487/RFC4838,
              April 2007, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4838>.

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   [RFC6257]  Symington, S., Farrell, S., Weiss, H., and P. Lovell,
              "Bundle Security Protocol Specification", RFC 6257,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC6257, May 2011,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6257>.

   [RFC7242]  Demmer, M., Ott, J., and S. Perreault, "Delay-Tolerant
              Networking TCP Convergence-Layer Protocol", RFC 7242,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7242, June 2014,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7242>.

   [RFC7942]  Sheffer, Y. and A. Farrel, "Improving Awareness of Running
              Code: The Implementation Status Section", BCP 205,
              RFC 7942, DOI 10.17487/RFC7942, July 2016,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7942>.

Appendix A.  Significant changes from RFC7242

   The areas in which changes from [RFC7242] have been made to existing
   headers and messages are:

   o  Split contact header into pre-TLS protocol negotiation and
      SESS_INIT parameter negotiation.

   o  Changed contact header content to limit number of negotiated
      options.

   o  Added contact option to negotiate maximum segment size (per each
      direction).

   o  Added session extension capability.

   o  Added transfer extension capability.

   o  Defined new IANA registries for message / type / reason codes to
      allow renaming some codes for clarity.

   o  Expanded Message Header to octet-aligned fields instead of bit-
      packing.

   o  Added a bundle transfer identification number to all bundle-
      related messages (XFER_INIT, XFER_SEGMENT, XFER_ACK, XFER_REFUSE).

   o  Use flags in XFER_ACK to mirror flags from XFER_SEGMENT.

   o  Removed all uses of SDNV fields and replaced with fixed-bit-length
      fields.

   o  Renamed SHUTDOWN to SESS_TERM to deconflict term "shutdown".

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   o  Removed the notion of a re-connection delay parameter.

   The areas in which extensions from [RFC7242] have been made as new
   messages and codes are:

   o  Added contact negotiation failure SESS_TERM reason code.

   o  Added MSG_REJECT message to indicate an unknown or unhandled
      message was received.

   o  Added TLS session security mechanism.

   o  Added TLS failure and Resource Exhaustion SESS_TERM reason code.

Authors' Addresses

   Brian Sipos
   RKF Engineering Solutions, LLC
   7500 Old Georgetown Road
   Suite 1275
   Bethesda, MD  20814-6198
   US

   Email: BSipos@rkf-eng.com

   Michael Demmer
   University of California, Berkeley
   Computer Science Division
   445 Soda Hall
   Berkeley, CA  94720-1776
   US

   Email: demmer@cs.berkeley.edu

   Joerg Ott
   Aalto University
   Department of Communications and Networking
   PO Box 13000
   Aalto  02015
   Finland

   Email: jo@netlab.tkk.fi

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   Simon Perreault
   Quebec, QC
   Canada

   Email: simon@per.reau.lt

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