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Distributed-Denial-of-Service Open Threat Signaling (DOTS) Server Discovery
draft-ietf-dots-server-discovery-00

The information below is for an old version of the document.
Document Type
This is an older version of an Internet-Draft that was ultimately published as RFC 8973.
Authors Mohamed Boucadair , Tirumaleswar Reddy.K , Prashanth Patil
Last updated 2019-03-28
Replaces draft-boucadair-dots-server-discovery
RFC stream Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
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Reviews
INTDIR Last Call review (of -11) by Zhen Cao Partially completed Ready w/nits
Additional resources Mailing list discussion
Stream WG state WG Document
Associated WG milestone
Nov 2019
DOTS Server Discovery document to WGLC
Document shepherd Valery Smyslov
IESG IESG state Became RFC 8973 (Proposed Standard)
Consensus boilerplate Unknown
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Send notices to Valery Smyslov <valery@smyslov.net>
draft-ietf-dots-server-discovery-00
Network Working Group                                       M. Boucadair
Internet-Draft                                                    Orange
Intended status: Standards Track                                T. Reddy
Expires: September 29, 2019                                       McAfee
                                                                P. Patil
                                                                   Cisco
                                                          March 28, 2019

   Distributed-Denial-of-Service Open Threat Signaling (DOTS) Server
                               Discovery
                  draft-ietf-dots-server-discovery-00

Abstract

   It may not be possible for a network to determine the cause for an
   attack, but instead just realize that some resources seem to be under
   attack.  To fill that gap, Distributed-Denial-of-Service Open Threat
   Signaling (DOTS) allows a network to inform a DOTS server that it is
   under a potential attack so that appropriate mitigation actions are
   undertaken.

   This document specifies mechanisms to configure nodes with DOTS
   servers.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on September 29, 2019.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2019 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

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   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   2.  Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   3.  Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   4.  Why Multiple Discovery Mechanisms?  . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   5.  Discovery Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   6.  Resolution  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   7.  Discovery using Service Resolution  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     7.1.  Retrieving Domain Name  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
       7.1.1.  DHCP  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   8.  DNS Service Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
     8.1.  DNS-SD  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
     8.2.  mDNS  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   9.  DHCP Options for DOTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
     9.1.  DHCPv6 DOTS Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
       9.1.1.  Format of DOTS Reference Identifier Option  . . . . .  12
       9.1.2.  Format of DOTS Address Option . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
       9.1.3.  DHCPv6 Client Behavior  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
     9.2.  DHCPv4 DOTS Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
       9.2.1.  Format of DOTS Reference Identifier Option  . . . . .  14
       9.2.2.  Format Format of DOTS Address Option  . . . . . . . .  15
       9.2.3.  DHCPv4 Client Behavior  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
   10. Anycast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
   11. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
     11.1.  DHCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
     11.2.  Service Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
     11.3.  DNS Service Discovery  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
     11.4.  Anycast  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
   12. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
     12.1.  DHCPv6 Option  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
     12.2.  DHCPv4 Option  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
     12.3.  Application Service & Application Protocol Tags  . . . .  19
       12.3.1.  DOTS Application Service Tag Registration  . . . . .  19
       12.3.2.  signal.udp Application Protocol Tag Registration . .  20
       12.3.3.  signal.tcp Application Protocol Tag Registration . .  20
       12.3.4.  data.tcp Application Protocol Tag Registration . . .  20
     12.4.  IPv4 Anycast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  20

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     12.5.  IPv6 Anycast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  21
   13. Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  21
   14. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  22
     14.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  22
     14.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  23
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  24

1.  Introduction

   In many deployments, it may not be possible for a network to
   determine the cause for a distributed Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack
   [RFC4732], but instead just realize that some resources seem to be
   under attack.  To fill that gap, the IETF is specifying an
   architecture, called DDoS Open Threat Signaling (DOTS)
   [I-D.ietf-dots-architecture], in which a DOTS client can inform a
   DOTS server that the network is under a potential attack and that
   appropriate mitigation actions are required.  Indeed, because the
   lack of a common method to coordinate a real-time response among
   involved actors and network domains inhibits the effectiveness of
   DDoS attack mitigation, DOTS protocol is meant to carry requests for
   DDoS attack mitigation, thereby reducing the impact of an attack and
   leading to more efficient defensive actions.
   [I-D.ietf-dots-use-cases] identifies a set of scenarios for DOTS.

   The basic high-level DOTS architecture is illustrated in Figure 1
   ([I-D.ietf-dots-architecture]):

          +-----------+            +-------------+
          | Mitigator | ~~~~~~~~~~ | DOTS Server |
          +-----------+            +-------------+
                                          |
                                          |
                                          |
          +---------------+        +-------------+
          | Attack Target | ~~~~~~ | DOTS Client |
          +---------------+        +-------------+

                     Figure 1: Basic DOTS Architecture

   [I-D.ietf-dots-architecture] specifies that the DOTS client may be
   provided with a list of DOTS servers; each associated with one or
   more IP addresses.  These addresses may or may not be of the same
   address family.  The DOTS client establishes one or more DOTS
   sessions by connecting to the provided DOTS server addresses.  The
   logic for connecting to one or multiple IP addresses is out of scope
   of this document.

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   This document specifies methods for DOTS clients to discover their
   DOTS server(s).  The rationale for specifying multiple discovery
   mechanisms is discussed in Section 4.

   Considerations for the selection of DOTS server(s) by multi-homed
   DOTS clients is out of scope; the reader should refer to
   [I-D.boucadair-dots-multihoming] for more details.

   Likewise, happy eyeballs considerations for DOTS are out of scope.
   The reader should refer to Section 4 of
   [I-D.ietf-dots-signal-channel].

2.  Requirements Language

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
   14 [RFC2119][RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

3.  Terminology

   This document makes use of the following terms:

   o  DDoS: A distributed Denial-of-Service attack, in which traffic
      originating from multiple sources are directed at a target on a
      network.  DDoS attacks are intended to cause a negative impact on
      the availability of servers, services, applications, and/or other
      functionality of an attack target.
   o  DHCP refers to both DHCPv4 [RFC2131] and DHCPv6 [RFC3315].
   o  DHCP client denotes a node that initiates requests to obtain
      configuration parameters from one or more DHCP servers.
   o  DHCP server refers to a node that responds to requests from DHCP
      clients.
   o  DOTS client: A DOTS-aware software module responsible for
      requesting attack response coordination with other DOTS-aware
      elements.
   o  DOTS server: A DOTS-aware software module handling and responding
      to messages from DOTS clients.  The DOTS server should enable
      mitigation on behalf of the DOTS client, if requested, by
      communicating the DOTS client's request to the mitigator and
      returning selected mitigator feedback to the requesting DOTS
      client.  A DOTS server may also be a mitigator.
   o  DOTS gateway: A DOTS-aware software module that is logically
      equivalent to a DOTS client back-to-back with a DOTS server.

   Furthermore, the reader should be familiar with other terms defined
   in [I-D.ietf-dots-architecture] and [RFC3958].

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4.  Why Multiple Discovery Mechanisms?

   It is tempting to specify one single discovery mechanism for DOTS.
   Nevertheless, the analysis of the various use cases sketched in
   [I-D.ietf-dots-use-cases] reveals that it is unlikely that one single
   discovery method can be suitable for all the sample deployments
   (Table 1).  Concretely:

   o  Some of the use cases may allow DOTS clients to have direct
      communications with upstream DOTS servers; that is no DOTS gateway
      is involved.  Leveraging on existing features that do not require
      specific feature on the node embedding the DOTS client may ease
      DOTS deployment.  Typically, the use of Straightforward-Naming
      Authority Pointer (S-NAPTR) lookups [RFC3958] allows the DOTS
      server administrators provision the preferred DOTS signal channel
      transport protocol between the DOTS client and the DOTS server and
      allows the DOTS client to discover this preference.

   o  Resolving a DOTS server domain name offered by the upstream
      transit provider provisioned to a DOTS client into IP address(es)
      require the use of the appropriate DNS resolvers; otherwise,
      resolving those names will fail.  The use of protocols such as
      DHCP does allow to associate provisioned DOTS server domain names
      with a list of DNS servers to be used for name resolution.

   o  The upstream network provider is not the DDoS mitigation provider
      for some of these use cases.  The use of anycast is not
      appropriate for this use case, in particular.  It is safe to
      assume that for such deployments, the DOTS server(s) domain name
      is provided during the service subscription (i.e., manual/local
      configuration).

   o  Multiple DOTS clients may be enabled within a network (e.g.,
      enterprise network).  Automatic means to discover DOTS servers in
      a deterministic manner are interesting from an operational
      standpoint.

   o  Some of the use cases may involve a DOTS gateway that is
      responsible for forking requests received from DOTS clients to
      upstream DOTS servers or for selecting the appropriate DOTS
      server.  Particularly, the use of anycast may simplify the
      operations within the enterprise network to discover a DOTS
      gateway, if the enterprise network is single-homed.

   o  Many use cases discussed in [I-D.ietf-dots-use-cases] do involve a
      CPE device.  Multiple CPEs, connected to distinct network
      providers may even be considered.  It is intuitive to leverage on
      existing mechanisms such as discovery using service resolution or

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      DHCP or anycast to provision the CPE acting as a DOTS client with
      the DOTS server(s).

   +------------------------+-------------------------+----------------+
   |               Use Case |      Requires a CPE     |  The Network   |
   |                        |                         |  Provider is   |
   |                        |                         | also the DDoS  |
   |                        |                         |   Mitigation   |
   |                        |                         |    Provider    |
   +------------------------+-------------------------+----------------+
   |      End-customer with |  Yes (Intelligent DDoS  |      Yes       |
   |     single or multiple |    mitigation system    |                |
   |       upstream transit | (IDMS) acting as a DOTS |                |
   |   provider(s) offering |    client may be co-    |                |
   |        DDoS mitigation |   located on the CPE)   |                |
   |               services |                         |                |
   +------------------------+-------------------------+----------------+
   |   End-customer with an |    Yes (DDOS Detector   |       No       |
   |           overlay DDoS | acting as a DOTS client |                |
   |     mitigation managed |   may be co-located on  |                |
   |       security service |         the CPE)        |                |
   |        provider (MSSP) |                         |                |
   +------------------------+-------------------------+----------------+
   | End-customer operating |  Yes (CPE may act as a  |     Yes/No     |
   |      an application or |      DOTS gateway)      |                |
   |        service with an |                         |                |
   | integrated DOTS client |                         |                |
   +------------------------+-------------------------+----------------+
   | End-customer operating | Yes (CPE acts as a DOTS |      Yes       |
   |          a CPE network |         client)         |                |
   |  infrastructure device |                         |                |
   |     with an integrated |                         |                |
   |            DOTS client |                         |                |
   +------------------------+-------------------------+----------------+
   |         Suppression of | Yes (CPE acts as a DOTS |      Yes       |
   |  outbound DDoS traffic |         server)         |                |
   |     originating from a |                         |                |
   |     consumer broadband |                         |                |
   |         access network |                         |                |
   +------------------------+-------------------------+----------------+
   |     DDoS Orchestration |            No           |      N/A       |
   +------------------------+-------------------------+----------------+

                    Table 1: Summary of DOTS Use Cases

   Consequently, this document describes the following mechanisms for
   discovery:

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   o  A resolution mechanism based on straightforward Naming Authority
      Pointer (S-NAPTR) resource records in the Domain Name System
      (DNS).

   o  DNS Service Discovery.

   o  Discovery using DHCP Options.

   o  A mechanism based on anycast address for DOTS usage.

5.  Discovery Procedure

   A key point in the deployment of DOTS is the ability of network
   operators to be able to configure DOTS clients with the correct
   server information consistently.  To accomplish this, operators will
   need a consistent set of ways in which DOTS clients can discover this
   information, and a consistent priority among these options.  If some
   devices prefer manual configuration over DNS discovery, while others
   prefer DNS discovery over manual configuration, the result will be a
   process of "whack-a-mole", where the operator must find devices that
   are using the wrong DOTS server, determine how to ensure the devices
   are configured properly, and then reconfigure the device through the
   preferred method.

   All DOTS clients MUST support at least one of the four mechanisms
   below to determine a DOTS server list.  All DOTS clients SHOULD
   implement all four, or as many as are practical for any specific
   device, of these ways to discover DOTS servers, in order to
   facilitate the deployment of DOTS in large scale environments:

   1.  Explicit configuration:

       *  Local/Manual configuration: A DOTS client, will learn the DOTS
          server(s) by means of local or manual DOTS configuration
          (i.e., DOTS servers configured at the system level).
          Configuration discovered from a DOTS client application is
          considered as local configuration.  An implementation may give
          the user an opportunity (e.g., by means of configuration file
          options or menu items) to specify DOTS server(s) for each
          address family.  These MAY be specified either as IP addresses
          or the DNS name of a DOTS server.  When only DOTS server's IP
          addresses are configured, a reference identifier must also be
          configured for authentication purposes.

       *  Automatic configuration (e.g., DHCP, an automation system):
          The DOTS client attempts to discover DOTS server(s) names and/
          or addresses from DHCP, as described in Section 9.

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   2.  Service Resolution : The DOTS client attempts to discover DOTS
       server name(s) using service resolution, as specified in
       Section 7.

   3.  DNS SD: DNS Service Discovery.  The DOTS client attempts to
       discover DOTS server name(s) using DNS service discovery, as
       specified in Section 8.

   4.  Anycast : Send DOTS request to establish a DOTS session with the
       assigned DOTS server anycast address for each combination of
       interface and address family.

   Some of these mechanisms imply the use of DNS to resolve the IP
   address of the DOTS server, while others imply the IP address of the
   relevant DOTS server is obtained directly.  Implementation options
   may vary on a per device basis, as some devices may not have DNS
   capabilities and/or proper configuration.

   Clients will prefer information received from the discovery methods
   in the order listed.

   On hosts with more than one interface or address family (IPv4/v6),
   the DOTS server discovery procedure has to be performed for each
   combination of interface and address family.  A client MAY choose to
   perform the discovery procedure only for a desired interface/address
   combination if the client does not wish to discover a DOTS server for
   all combinations of interface and address family.

   The above procedure MUST also be followed by a DOTS gateway.

6.  Resolution

   Once the DOTS client has retrieved client's DNS domain or discovered
   the DOTS server name that needs to be resolved, an S-NAPTR lookup
   with 'DOTS' application service and the desired protocol tag is made
   to obtain information necessary to connect to the authoritative DOTS
   server within the given domain.

   This specification defines "DOTS" as an application service tag
   (Section 12.3.1) and "signal.udp" (Section 12.3.2), "signal.tcp"
   (Section 12.3.3), and "data.tcp" (Section 12.3.4) as application
   protocol tags.

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   In the example below, for domain 'example.net', the resolution
   algorithm will result in IP address(es), port, tag and protocol tuples as
   follows:

   example.net.
   IN NAPTR 100 10 "" DOTS:signal.udp "" signal.example.net.
   IN NAPTR 200 10 "" DOTS:signal.tcp "" signal.example.net.
   IN NAPTR 300 10 "" DOTS:data.tcp "" data.example.net.

   signal.example.net.
   IN NAPTR 100 10 S DOTS:signal.udp "" _dots._signal._udp.example.net.
   IN NAPTR 200 10 S DOTS:signal.tcp "" _dots._signal._tcp.example.net.

   data.example.net.
   IN NAPTR 100 10 S DOTS:data.tcp "" _dots._data._tcp.example.net.

   _dots._signal._udp.example.net.
   IN SRV   0 0 5000 a.example.net.

   _dots._signal._tcp.example.net.
   IN SRV   0 0 5001 a.example.net.

   _dots._data._tcp.example.net.
   IN SRV   0 0 5002 a.example.net.

   a.example.net.
   IN AAAA  2001:db8::1

                 +-------+----------+-------------+------+--------+
                 | Order | Protocol | IP address  | Port |   Tag  |
                 +-------+----------+-------------+------+--------+
                 | 1     | UDP      | 2001:db8::1 | 5000 | Signal |
                 | 2     | TCP      | 2001:db8::1 | 5001 | Signal |
                 | 3     | TCP      | 2001:db8::1 | 5002 | Data   |
                 +-------+----------+-------------+------+--------+

   If no DOTS-specific S-NAPTR records can be retrieved, the discovery
   procedure fails for this domain name (and the corresponding interface
   and IP protocol version).  If more domain names are known, the
   discovery procedure MAY perform the corresponding S-NAPTR lookups
   immediately.  However, before retrying a lookup that has failed, a
   DOTS client MUST wait a time period that is appropriate for the
   encountered error (e.g., NXDOMAIN, timeout, etc.).

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7.  Discovery using Service Resolution

   This mechanism is performed in two steps:

   1.  A DNS domain name is retrieved for each combination of interface
       and address family.

   2.  Retrieved DNS domain names are then used for S-NAPTR lookups.
       Further DNS lookups may be necessary to determine DOTS server IP
       address(es).

7.1.  Retrieving Domain Name

   A DOTS client has to determine the domain in which it is located.
   The following section describes the means to obtain the domain name
   from DHCP.  Other means of retrieving domain names may be used, which
   are outside the scope of this document, e.g., local configuration.

   Implementations MAY allow the user to specify a default name that is
   used, if no specific name has been configured.

7.1.1.  DHCP

   DHCP can be used to determine the domain name related to an
   interface's point of network attachment.  Network operators may
   provide the domain name to be used for service discovery within an
   access network using DHCP.  Sections 3.2 and 3.3 of [RFC5986] define
   DHCP IPv4 and IPv6 access network domain name options,
   OPTION_V4_ACCESS_DOMAIN and OPTION_V6_ACCESS_DOMAIN respectively, to
   identify a domain name that is suitable for service discovery within
   the access network.

   For IPv4, the discovery procedure MUST request the access network
   domain name option in a Parameter Request List option, as described
   in [RFC2131].  [RFC2132] defines the DHCP IPv4 domain name option;
   while this option is less suitable, a client MAY request for it if
   the access network domain name defined in [RFC5986] is not available.

   For IPv6, the discovery procedure MUST request for the access network
   domain name option in an Options Request Option (ORO) within an
   Information-request message, as described in [RFC3315].

   If neither option can be retrieved the procedure fails for this
   interface.  If a result can be retrieved it will be used as an input
   for S-NAPTR resolution discussed in Section 6.

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8.  DNS Service Discovery

   DNS-based Service Discovery (DNS-SD) [RFC6763] and Multicast DNS
   (mDNS) [RFC6762] provide generic solutions for discovering services.
   DNS-SD/mDNS define a set of naming rules for certain DNS record types
   that they use for advertising and discovering services.

8.1.  DNS-SD

   Section 4.1 of [RFC6763] specifies that a service instance name in
   DNS-SD has the following structure:

   <Instance> . <Service> . <Domain>

   The <Domain> portion specifies the DNS sub-domain where the service
   instance is registered.  It may be "local.", indicating the mDNS
   local domain, or it may be a conventional domain name such as
   "example.com.".

   The <Service> portion of the DOTS service instance name MUST be
   "_dots._signal._udp" or "_dots._signal._tcp" or "_dots._data._tcp".

8.2.  mDNS

   A DOTS client can proactively discover DOTS servers being advertised
   in the site by multicasting a PTR query to one or all of the
   following:

   o  "_dots._signal._udp.local."

   o  "_dots._signal._tcp.local."

   o  "_dots._data._tcp.local."

   A DOTS server can send out gratuitous multicast DNS answer packets
   whenever it starts up, wakes from sleep, or detects a change in
   network configuration.  DOTS clients receive these gratuitous packets
   and cache information contained in it.

9.  DHCP Options for DOTS

   As reported in Section 1.7.2 of [RFC6125]:

      "few certification authorities issue server certificates based on
      IP addresses, but preliminary evidence indicates that such
      certificates are a very small percentage (less than 1%) of issued
      certificates".

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   In order to allow for PKIX-based authentication between a DOTS client
   and server while accommodating for the current best practices for
   issuing certificates, this document allows for configuring names to
   DOTS clients.  These names can be used for two purposes: to retrieve
   the list of IP addresses of a DOTS server or to be presented as a
   reference identifier for authentication purposes.

   Defining the option to include a list of IP addresses would avoid a
   dependency on an underlying name resolution, but that design requires
   to also supply a name for PKIX-based authentication purposes.

9.1.  DHCPv6 DOTS Options

9.1.1.  Format of DOTS Reference Identifier Option

   The DHCPv6 DOTS option is used to configure a name of the DOTS
   server.  The format of this option is shown in Figure 2.

       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |     OPTION_V6_DOTS            |         Option-length         |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                                                               |
      |                      dots-server-name (FQDN)                  |
      |                                                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

             Figure 2: DHCPv6 DOTS Reference Identifier option

   The fields of the option shown in Figure 2 are as follows:

   o  Option-code: OPTION_V6_DOTS_RI (TBA1, see Section 12.1)
   o  Option-length: Length of the dots-server-name field in octets.
   o  dots-server-name: A fully qualified domain name of the DOTS
      server.  This field is formatted as specified in Section 8 of
      [RFC3315].

   An example of the dots-server-name encoding is shown in Figure 3.
   This example conveys the FQDN "dots.example.com.".

        +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
        | 0x04 |   d  |   o  |   t  |  s   | 0x07 |   e  |   x  |   a  |
        +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
        |   m  |   p  |   l  |   e  | 0x03 |   c  |   o  |   m  | 0x00 |
        +------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+

           Figure 3: An example of the dots-server-name encoding

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9.1.2.  Format of DOTS Address Option

   The DHCPv6 DOTS option can be used to configure a list of IPv6
   addresses of a DOTS server.  The format of this option is shown in
   Figure 4.

       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |     OPTION_V6_DOTS            |         Option-length         |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                                                               |
      |                    DOTS ipv6-address                          |
      |                                                               |
      |                                                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                                                               |
      |                    DOTS ipv6-address                          |
      |                                                               |
      |                                                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                              ...                              |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                   Figure 4: DHCPv6 DOTS Address option

   The fields of the option shown in Figure 4 are as follows:

   o  Option-code: OPTION_V6_DOTS_ADDRESS (TBA2, see Section 12.1)
   o  Option-length: Length of the 'DOTS ipv6-address(es)' field in
      octets.  MUST be a multiple of 16.
   o  DOTS ipv6-address: Includes one or more IPv6 addresses [RFC4291]
      of the DOTS server to be used by the DOTS client.

      Note, IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses (Section 2.5.5.2 of [RFC4291])
      are allowed to be included in this option.

   To return more than one DOTS servers to the requesting DHCPv6 client,
   the DHCPv6 server returns multiple instances of OPTION_V6_DOTS.

9.1.3.  DHCPv6 Client Behavior

   DHCP clients MAY request options OPTION_V6_DOTS_RI and
   OPTION_V6_DOTS_ADDRESS, as defined in [RFC3315], Sections 17.1.1,
   18.1.1, 18.1.3, 18.1.4, 18.1.5, and 22.7.  As a convenience to the
   reader, it is mentioned here that the DHCP client includes the
   requested option codes in the Option Request Option.

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   If the DHCP client receives more than one instance of
   OPTION_V6_DOTS_RI (resp.  OPTION_V6_DOTS_ADDRESS) option, it MUST use
   only the first instance of that option.

   If the DHCP client receives both OPTION_V6_DOTS_RI and
   OPTION_V6_DOTS_ADDRESS, the content of OPTION_V6_DOTS_RI is used as
   reference identifier for authentication purposes (e.g., PKIX
   [RFC6125]), while the addresses included in OPTION_V6_DOTS_ADDRESS
   are used to reach the DOTS server.  In other words, the name conveyed
   in OPTION_V6_DOTS_RI MUST NOT be passed to underlying resolution
   library in the presence of OPTION_V6_DOTS_ADDRESS in a response.

   If the DHCP client receives OPTION_V6_DOTS_RI only, but
   OPTION_V6_DOTS_RI option contains more than one name, as
   distinguished by the presence of multiple root labels, the DHCP
   client MUST use only the first name.  Once the name is validated
   (Section 8 of [RFC3315]), the name is passed to a name resolution
   library.  Moreover, that name is also used as a reference identifier
   for authentication purposes.

   If the DHCP client receives OPTION_V6_DOTS_ADDRESS only, the
   address(es) included in OPTION_V6_DOTS_ADDRESS is used to reach the
   DOTS server.  In addition, these addresses can be used as identifiers
   for authentication.

9.2.  DHCPv4 DOTS Options

9.2.1.  Format of DOTS Reference Identifier Option

   The DHCPv4 DOTS option is used to configure a name of the DOTS
   server.  The format of this option is illustrated in Figure 5.

            Code  Length   DOTS server name
           +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
           | TBA |  n  |  s1 |  s2 |  s3 |  s4 | s5  |  ...
           +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--

     The values s1, s2, s3, etc. represent the domain name labels in the
     domain name encoding.

             Figure 5: DHCPv4 DOTS Reference Identifier option

   The fields of the option shown in Figure 5 are as follows:

   o  Code: OPTION_V4_DOTS_RI (TBA3, see Section 12.2);
   o  Length: Includes the length of the "DOTS server name" field in
      octets; the maximum length is 255 octets.

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   o  DOTS server name: The domain name of the DOTS server.  This field
      is formatted as specified in Section 8 of [RFC3315].

9.2.2.  Format Format of DOTS Address Option

   The DHCPv4 DOTS option can be used to configure a list of IPv4
   addresses of a DOTS server.  The format of this option is illustrated
   in Figure 6.

       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |  Code         |     Length    |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      | List-Length   |   List of     |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+    DOTS       |
      /        IPv4 Addresses         /
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+  ---
      | List-Length   |   List of     |   |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+    DOTS       |   |
      /          IPv4 Addresses       /   |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+   |
      .             ...               . optional
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+   |
      | List-Length   |   List of     |   |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+     DOTS      |   |
      /          IPv4 Addresses       /   |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+  ---

                   Figure 6: DHCPv4 DOTS Address option

   The fields of the option shown in Figure 6 are as follows:

   o  Code: OPTION_V4_DOTS_ADDRESS (TBA4, see Section 12.2);
   o  Length: Length of all included data in octets.  The minimum length
      is 5.
   o  List-Length: Length of the "List of DOTS IPv4 Addresses" field in
      octets; MUST be a multiple of 4.
   o  List of DOTS IPv4 Addresses: Contains one or more IPv4 addresses
      of the DOTS server to be used by the DOTS client.  The format of
      this field is shown in Figure 7.
   o  OPTION_V4_DOTS can include multiple lists of DOTS IPv4 addresses;
      each list is treated separately as it corresponds to a given DOTS
      server.

      When several lists of DOTS IPv4 addresses are to be included,
      "List-Length" and "DOTS IPv4 Addresses" fields are repeated.

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      0     8     16    24    32    40    48
      +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
      |  a1 |  a2 |  a3 |  a4 |  a1 |  a2 | ...
      +-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+--
           IPv4 Address 1          IPv4 Address 2 ...

   This format assumes that an IPv4 address is encoded as a1.a2.a3.a4.

            Figure 7: Format of the List of DOTS IPv4 Addresses

   OPTION_V4_DOTS is a concatenation-requiring option.  As such, the
   mechanism specified in [RFC3396] MUST be used if OPTION_V4_DOTS
   exceeds the maximum DHCPv4 option size of 255 octets.

9.2.3.  DHCPv4 Client Behavior

   To discover a DOTS server, the DHCPv4 client MUST include both
   OPTION_V4_DOTS_RI and OPTION_V4_DOTS_ADDRESS in a Parameter Request
   List Option [RFC2132].

   If the DHCP client receives more than one instance of
   OPTION_V4_DOTS_RI (resp.  OPTION_V4_DOTS_ADDRESS) option, it MUST use
   only the first instance of that option.

   If the DHCP client receives both OPTION_V4_DOTS_RI and
   OPTION_V4_DOTS_ADDRESS, the content of OPTION_V6_DOTS_RI is used as
   reference identifier for authentication purposes, while the addresses
   included in OPTION_V4_DOTS_ADDRESS are used to reach the DOTS server.
   In other words, the name conveyed in OPTION_V4_DOTS_RI MUST NOT be
   passed to underlying resolution library in the presence of
   OPTION_V4_DOTS_ADDRESS in a response.

   If the DHCP client receives OPTION_V4_DOTS_RI only, but
   OPTION_V4_DOTS_RI option contains more than one name, as
   distinguished by the presence of multiple root labels, the DHCP
   client MUST use only the first name.  Once the name is validated
   (Section 8 of [RFC3315]), the name is passed to a name resolution
   library.  Moreover, that name is also used as a reference identifier
   for authentication purposes.

   If the DHCP client receives OPTION_V4_DOTS_ADDRESS only, the
   address(es) included in OPTION_V4_DOTS_ADDRESS is used to reach the
   DOTS server.  In addition, these addresses can be used as identifiers
   for authentication.

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10.  Anycast

   IP anycast can also be used for DOTS service discovery.  A packet
   sent to an anycast address is delivered to the 'topologically
   nearest' network interface with the anycast address.

   When a DOTS client requires DOTS services, it attempts to establish a
   signaling session with the assigned anycast address(es) defined in
   Sections 12.4 and 12.5.  A DOTS server, that receives a DOTS request
   with an anycast address, SHOULD redirect the DOTS client to the
   appropriate DOTS unicast server(s) using the mechanism described in
   Section 5.5 of [I-D.ietf-dots-signal-channel], unless it is
   configured otherwise.  Indeed, a DOTS server SHOULD be configurable
   to maintain all DOTS communications using anycast.  DOTS redirect is
   not made mandatory because the use of anycast is not problematic for
   some deployment scenarios such as an enterprise network deploying one
   single DOTS gateway connected to one single network provider.

   [I-D.boucadair-dots-multihoming] identifies a set of deployment
   schemes in which the use of anycast is not recommended.

11.  Security Considerations

   DOTS-related security considerations are discussed in Section 4 of
   [I-D.ietf-dots-architecture] is to be considered.  DOTS agents must
   authenticate each other using (D)TLS before a DOTS session is
   considered valid.

   If the DOTS client is explicitly configured with DOTS server(s) then
   the DOTS client can also be explicitly configured with credentials to
   authenticate the DOTS server.

   The CPE device acting as a DOTS client MAY use Bootstrapping Remote
   Secure Key Infrastructures (BRSKI) discussed in
   [I-D.ietf-anima-bootstrapping-keyinfra] to automatically bootstrap
   using the vendor installed X.509 certificate, in combination with a
   domain registrar provided by the upstream transit provider and
   vendor's authorizing service.  The CPE device authenticates to the
   upstream transit provider using the vendor installed X.509
   certificate and the upstream transit provider validates the vendor
   installed certificate on the CPE device using the Manufacturer
   Authorized Signing Authority (MASA) service.  If authentication is
   successful then the CPE device can request and get a voucher from the
   MASA service via the domain registrar.  The voucher is signed by the
   MASA service and includes the upstream transit provider's trust
   anchor certificate.  The CPE device validates the signed voucher
   using the manufacturer installed trust anchor associated with the
   vendor's selected MASA service and stores the upstream transit

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   provider's trust anchor certificate.  The CPE device then uses
   Enrollment over Secure Transport (EST) [RFC7030] for certificate
   enrollment (Section 3.8 in [I-D.ietf-anima-bootstrapping-keyinfra]).
   The DOTS client on the CPE device can authenticate to the DOTS server
   using the certificate provisioned by the EST server and the DOTS
   client can validate the DOTS server certificate using the upstream
   transit provider's trust anchor certificate it had received in the
   voucher.

11.1.  DHCP

   The security considerations in [RFC2131] and [RFC3315] are to be
   considered.

11.2.  Service Resolution

   The primary attack against the methods described in Section 7 is one
   that would lead to impersonation of a DOTS server.  An attacker could
   attempt to compromise the S-NAPTR resolution.  The use of mutual
   authentication makes it difficult to redirect a DOTS client to an
   illegitimate DOTS server.

11.3.  DNS Service Discovery

   Since DNS-SD is just a specification for how to name and use records
   in the existing DNS system, it has no specific additional security
   requirements over and above those that already apply to DNS queries
   and DNS updates.  For DNS queries, DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC)
   [RFC4033] SHOULD be used where the authenticity of information is
   important.  For DNS updates, secure updates [RFC2136][RFC3007] SHOULD
   generally be used to control which clients have permission to update
   DNS records.

   For mDNS, in addition to what has been described above, a principal
   security threat is a security threat inherent to IP multicast routing
   and any application that runs on it.  A rogue system can advertise
   that it is a DOTS server.  Discovery of such rogue systems as DOTS
   servers, in itself, is not a security threat if the DOTS client
   authenticates the discovered DOTS servers.

11.4.  Anycast

   Anycast-related security considerations are discussed in [RFC4786]
   and [RFC7094].

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12.  IANA Considerations

   IANA is requested to allocate the SRV service name of "_dots._signal"
   for DOTS signal channel over UDP or TCP, and the service name of
   "_dots._data" for DOTS data channel over TCP.

12.1.  DHCPv6 Option

   IANA is requested to assign the following new DHCPv6 Option Code in
   the registry maintained in http://www.iana.org/assignments/
   dhcpv6-parameters:

                                  Option Name Value
                       ---------------------- -----
                            OPTION_V6_DOTS_RI TBA1
                       OPTION_V6_DOTS_ADDRESS TBA2

12.2.  DHCPv4 Option

   IANA is requested to assign the following new DHCPv4 Option Code in
   the registry maintained in http://www.iana.org/assignments/bootp-
   dhcp-parameters/:

              Option Name Value Data length  Meaning
   ---------------------- ----- ------------ ---------------------------
        OPTION_V4_DOTS_RI TBA3  Variable;    Includes the name of the
                                the maximum  DOTS server.
                                length is
                                255 octets.
   OPTION_V4_DOTS_ADDRESS TBA4  Variable;    Includes one or multiple
                                the minimum  lists of DOTS IP addresses;
                                length is 5. each list is treated as a
                                             separate DOTS server.

12.3.  Application Service & Application Protocol Tags

   This document requests IANA to make the following allocations from
   the registry available at: https://www.iana.org/assignments/s-naptr-
   parameters/s-naptr-parameters.xhtml.

12.3.1.  DOTS Application Service Tag Registration

   o  Application Protocol Tag: DOTS

   o  Intended Usage: See Section 6

   o  Security Considerations: See Section 11

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   o  Contact Information: <one of the authors>

12.3.2.  signal.udp Application Protocol Tag Registration

   o  Application Protocol Tag: signal.udp

   o  Intended Usage: See Section 6

   o  Security Considerations: See Section 11

   o  Contact Information: <one of the authors>

12.3.3.  signal.tcp Application Protocol Tag Registration

   o  Application Protocol Tag: signal.tcp

   o  Intended Usage: See Section 6

   o  Security Considerations: See Section 11

   o  Contact Information: <one of the authors>

12.3.4.  data.tcp Application Protocol Tag Registration

   o  Application Protocol Tag: data.tcp

   o  Intended Usage: See Section 6

   o  Security Considerations: See Section 11

   o  Contact Information: <one of the authors>

12.4.  IPv4 Anycast

   IANA has assigned a single IPv4 address from the 192.0.0.0/24 prefix
   and registered it in the "IANA IPv4 Special-Purpose Address Registry"
   [RFC6890].

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    +----------------------+-------------------------------------------+
    | Attribute            | Value                                     |
    +----------------------+-------------------------------------------+
    | Address Block        | TBA                                       |
    | Name                 | Distributed-Denial-of-Service Open Threat |
    |                      | Signaling (DOTS) Anycast                  |
    | RFC                  | <this document>                           |
    | Allocation Date      | <date of approval of this document>       |
    | Termination Date     | N/A                                       |
    | Source               | True                                      |
    | Destination          | True                                      |
    | Forwardable          | True                                      |
    | Global               | True                                      |
    | Reserved-by-Protocol | False                                     |
    +----------------------+-------------------------------------------+

12.5.  IPv6 Anycast

   IANA has assigned a single IPv6 address from the 2001:0000::/23
   prefix and registered it in the "IANA IPv6 Special-Purpose Address
   Registry" [RFC6890].

    +----------------------+-------------------------------------------+
    | Attribute            | Value                                     |
    +----------------------+-------------------------------------------+
    | Address Block        | TBA                                       |
    | Name                 | Distributed-Denial-of-Service Open Threat |
    |                      | Signaling (DOTS) Anycast                  |
    | RFC                  | <this document>                           |
    | Allocation Date      | <date of approval of this document>       |
    | Termination Date     | N/A                                       |
    | Source               | True                                      |
    | Destination          | True                                      |
    | Forwardable          | True                                      |
    | Global               | True                                      |
    | Reserved-by-Protocol | False                                     |
    +----------------------+-------------------------------------------+

13.  Acknowledgements

   Thanks to Brian Carpenter for the review of the BRSKI text.

   Many thanks to Russ White for the review, comments, and text
   contribution.

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14.  References

14.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC2131]  Droms, R., "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol",
              RFC 2131, DOI 10.17487/RFC2131, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2131>.

   [RFC2132]  Alexander, S. and R. Droms, "DHCP Options and BOOTP Vendor
              Extensions", RFC 2132, DOI 10.17487/RFC2132, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2132>.

   [RFC3315]  Droms, R., Ed., Bound, J., Volz, B., Lemon, T., Perkins,
              C., and M. Carney, "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
              for IPv6 (DHCPv6)", RFC 3315, DOI 10.17487/RFC3315, July
              2003, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3315>.

   [RFC3396]  Lemon, T. and S. Cheshire, "Encoding Long Options in the
              Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCPv4)", RFC 3396,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC3396, November 2002,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3396>.

   [RFC3958]  Daigle, L. and A. Newton, "Domain-Based Application
              Service Location Using SRV RRs and the Dynamic Delegation
              Discovery Service (DDDS)", RFC 3958, DOI 10.17487/RFC3958,
              January 2005, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3958>.

   [RFC4291]  Hinden, R. and S. Deering, "IP Version 6 Addressing
              Architecture", RFC 4291, DOI 10.17487/RFC4291, February
              2006, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4291>.

   [RFC5986]  Thomson, M. and J. Winterbottom, "Discovering the Local
              Location Information Server (LIS)", RFC 5986,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC5986, September 2010,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5986>.

   [RFC6762]  Cheshire, S. and M. Krochmal, "Multicast DNS", RFC 6762,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC6762, February 2013,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6762>.

   [RFC6763]  Cheshire, S. and M. Krochmal, "DNS-Based Service
              Discovery", RFC 6763, DOI 10.17487/RFC6763, February 2013,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6763>.

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   [RFC6890]  Cotton, M., Vegoda, L., Bonica, R., Ed., and B. Haberman,
              "Special-Purpose IP Address Registries", BCP 153,
              RFC 6890, DOI 10.17487/RFC6890, April 2013,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6890>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.

14.2.  Informative References

   [I-D.boucadair-dots-multihoming]
              Boucadair, M. and R. K, "Multi-homing Deployment
              Considerations for Distributed-Denial-of-Service Open
              Threat Signaling (DOTS)", draft-boucadair-dots-
              multihoming-04 (work in progress), October 2018.

   [I-D.ietf-anima-bootstrapping-keyinfra]
              Pritikin, M., Richardson, M., Behringer, M., Bjarnason,
              S., and K. Watsen, "Bootstrapping Remote Secure Key
              Infrastructures (BRSKI)", draft-ietf-anima-bootstrapping-
              keyinfra-19 (work in progress), March 2019.

   [I-D.ietf-dots-architecture]
              Mortensen, A., Andreasen, F., K, R., Teague, N., Compton,
              R., and c. christopher_gray3@cable.comcast.com,
              "Distributed-Denial-of-Service Open Threat Signaling
              (DOTS) Architecture", draft-ietf-dots-architecture-12
              (work in progress), February 2019.

   [I-D.ietf-dots-signal-channel]
              K, R., Boucadair, M., Patil, P., Mortensen, A., and N.
              Teague, "Distributed Denial-of-Service Open Threat
              Signaling (DOTS) Signal Channel Specification", draft-
              ietf-dots-signal-channel-30 (work in progress), March
              2019.

   [I-D.ietf-dots-use-cases]
              Dobbins, R., Migault, D., Fouant, S., Moskowitz, R.,
              Teague, N., Xia, L., and K. Nishizuka, "Use cases for DDoS
              Open Threat Signaling", draft-ietf-dots-use-cases-17 (work
              in progress), January 2019.

   [RFC2136]  Vixie, P., Ed., Thomson, S., Rekhter, Y., and J. Bound,
              "Dynamic Updates in the Domain Name System (DNS UPDATE)",
              RFC 2136, DOI 10.17487/RFC2136, April 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2136>.

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   [RFC3007]  Wellington, B., "Secure Domain Name System (DNS) Dynamic
              Update", RFC 3007, DOI 10.17487/RFC3007, November 2000,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3007>.

   [RFC4033]  Arends, R., Austein, R., Larson, M., Massey, D., and S.
              Rose, "DNS Security Introduction and Requirements",
              RFC 4033, DOI 10.17487/RFC4033, March 2005,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4033>.

   [RFC4732]  Handley, M., Ed., Rescorla, E., Ed., and IAB, "Internet
              Denial-of-Service Considerations", RFC 4732,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC4732, December 2006,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4732>.

   [RFC4786]  Abley, J. and K. Lindqvist, "Operation of Anycast
              Services", BCP 126, RFC 4786, DOI 10.17487/RFC4786,
              December 2006, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4786>.

   [RFC6125]  Saint-Andre, P. and J. Hodges, "Representation and
              Verification of Domain-Based Application Service Identity
              within Internet Public Key Infrastructure Using X.509
              (PKIX) Certificates in the Context of Transport Layer
              Security (TLS)", RFC 6125, DOI 10.17487/RFC6125, March
              2011, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6125>.

   [RFC7030]  Pritikin, M., Ed., Yee, P., Ed., and D. Harkins, Ed.,
              "Enrollment over Secure Transport", RFC 7030,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7030, October 2013,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7030>.

   [RFC7094]  McPherson, D., Oran, D., Thaler, D., and E. Osterweil,
              "Architectural Considerations of IP Anycast", RFC 7094,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7094, January 2014,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7094>.

Authors' Addresses

   Mohamed Boucadair
   Orange
   Rennes  35000
   France

   Email: mohamed.boucadair@orange.com

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Internet-Draft            DOTS Server Discovery               March 2019

   Tirumaleswar Reddy
   McAfee, Inc.
   Embassy Golf Link Business Park
   Bangalore, Karnataka  560071
   India

   Email: TirumaleswarReddy_Konda@McAfee.com

   Prashanth Patil
   Cisco Systems, Inc.

   Email: praspati@cisco.com

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