An Information Model for Network policy
draft-hares-i2rs-info-model-policy-02
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draft-hares-i2rs-info-model-policy-02
I2RS working group S. Hares
Internet-Draft Hickory Hill Consulting
Intended status: Standards Track Q. Wu
Expires: September 4, 2014 Huawei
March 3, 2014
An Information Model for Network policy
draft-hares-i2rs-info-model-policy-02
Abstract
This document introduces an information model for network policies.
This model operates as policy model that can be linked to other
information model such as the I2RS RIB information model.
Some applications that utilize the services of I2RS client may
require specific set of data in response to network events or
conditions based on pre-established rules. In order to reduce the
data flow through the network, the I2RS client needs to signal the
I2RS agent to filter some of the collected data or events prior to
transmission, or group the data prior to transmission to the i2rs
client. This functionality is necessary to meet the requirements
i2rs enabled services which include service-layer routing
improvements, and control of traffic flows and exit points.
The information model is based on extensible information model for
representing policies, for example, the Policy Core Information Model
(PCIM) (RFC3060), and an extension to this model to address the need
for QoS management, called the Quality of Service (QoS) Policy
Information Model (QPIM)(RFC3644) and policy based routing.
Status of This Memo
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This Internet-Draft will expire on September 4, 2014.
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Copyright Notice
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document authors. All rights reserved.
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1. Currently Out of Scope for I2RS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2. Definitions and Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. Network Policy Model Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4. Network Policy Information Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.1. The Policy Group Component . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.2. The Network-Policy Rule Component . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.3. The Policy Based Routing Rule Component . . . . . . . . . 11
4.3.1. Policy based Routing Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.3.2. PBR Rule Component . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.3.3. Relationship between PBR Rule Model and RIB
Information Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.4. The Local Config Component . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
7. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1. Introduction
The Interface to the Routing System (I2RS) provides read and write
access to the information and state within the routing process within
routing elements. The I2RS client interacts with one or more I2RS
agents to collect information from network routing systems.
Processing of collected information at the I2RS agent may require the
I2RS Agent to filter certain information or group pieces of
information in order to reduce the data flow through the network to
the I2RS client. Some applications that that utilize the services of
I2RS client may also wish to require specific data in response to
network events or conditions based on pre-established rules. This
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functionality is necessary to meet the requirements of i2rs enabled
services which include service-layer routing improvements, and
control of traffic flows and exit points.
This document introduces a basic information model for network
policies. This policy model can be linked with other information
models such as the I2RS RIB informational model
[I-D.ietf-i2rs-rib-info-model] as a generic policy module. This
basic policy model can be easily extended beyond the basic functions.
The [I-D.ietf-i2rs-architecture] suggests that associated with the
the i2RS RIB model there will be "Policy-based Routing (ACLs)" and
RIB "policy controls". These basic policy functions can operate as
part of this functional blocks providing the basic model for policy
operators. This model can also be considered as the substance of the
policy templates.
The basic but extendable policy model is a product of the industry
approach to I2RS. The initial I2RS work is focusing on the initial
RIB module, and basic functions to make the initial RIB model
function within real networks. Subsequent drafts will provide
building blocks upon this policy model that can be used to create
network functions.
This information model leverages previous work done on extensible
information model for representing policies, for example, the Policy
Core Information Model (PCIM) [RFC3060] [RFC3060], and an extension
to this model to address the need for QoS management, called the
Quality of Service (QoS) Policy Information Model (QPIM) [RFC3644]
[RFC3644].
Most policy within routing and forwarding systems has become
hierarchical with individual specific policies being grouped as a set
policy. The hierarchical policy rule definition enhances policy
readability and reusability. Groups of network policies have labels
to aid operational use. Named groups of policy are easily identified
and reused as blocks.
The information model contains the following three components:
Policy Group
Policy is described by a set of policy rules that may be grouped
into subsets. A Policy group is used to provide a hierarchical
policy definition that provides the model context or scope for
sub-rule actions. The model context includes identity, scope,
role, precedence, priority and security model. In a policy group
policy rules and policy groups can be nested within other policy
rules.
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Network-Policy
contains a generic network policy model. It can be thought of as
a coherent set of rules to administer, manage, and control access
to network resources and defines a network policy at its most
general level of abstraction. It models aspects such as actions
and conditions that constitute a policy element relationship, as
well as operators contained in the both condition and action that
can either be used to overwrite an old value of the variable or
imply match relationship. Policies vary in level of abstraction,
for example policy at parent level or policy at child level. The
model therefore allows to show relationships between policies, as
well as dependencies between condition and action across policy.
Local Config
defines information kept that kept in policy database that is
leveraged by CLI, SNMP, NetConf.
1.1. Currently Out of Scope for I2RS
An I2RS client may also interact with other elements of the policy
and provisioning system to retrieve policy to transmit to an I2RS
agent to be use in processing collected information, or to pass to
policy information bases (PIBs) within the routing system. How the
I2RS client interacts with the policy and provision systems is
currently outside the scope of I2RS.
I2RS architecture allows multiple I2RS Clients to communicate with
the same agent I2RS agent, but requires that only one I2RS client has
write control over one element. Specification on how the I2RS
Clients handle multiple client interactions it out of scope at this
time. The i2rs-architecture document specifies in section x.x that
I2RS clients should avoid writing the same element. In the future,
the I2RS WG may decide to specify these interactions. Therefore,
this document's policy information allows for extensions that will
allow multiple clients.
2. Definitions and Acronyms
IGP: Interior Gateway Protocol
Information Model: An abstract model of a conceptual domain,
independent of a specific implementations or data representation
CLI: Command Line Interface
SNMP: The Simple Network Management Protocol
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NETCONF:The Network Configuration Protocol
RBNF: Routing Backus-Naur Form
3. Network Policy Model Overview
I2RS needs its own implicit and explicit policy. This section
provides an overview of the network policy model. The network policy
model is defined by the following components, whose relationship is
roughly depicted in the figure below.
+-----------------------+
| Network-Policy |
+-----------+-----------+
^
/|\
| "extends"
+-----------^-------------+
| Policy Set |
+--+-------------------+--+
^ ^ +-----------------+
/|\ /|\ ---|Local Policy Rule|
| "extends" | "extends" | +-----------------+
+--------^-------+ +-------^-------+ |
| Policy Group | | Policy Rule |<---|
+----------------+ +---------------+ |
: : | +-------------+
......: :..... ---| PBR Rule |
: : +-------------+
: :
+---------V---------+ +-V-------------+
| Policy Condition | | Policy Action |
+-------------------+ +---------------+
: : : : : :
.....: . :..... .....: . :.....
: : : : : :
+----V---+ +---V----+ +--V---+ +-V------++--V-----++--V---+
| Match | |Policy | |Policy| | Set || Policy ||Policy|
|Operator| |Variable| |Value | |Operator||Variable|| Value|
+--------+ +--------+ +------+ +--------++--------++------+
Figure 1: Overall model structure
The policy group component defines the basic network policy Group
model. In addition, the Network-policy component defines the basic
network policy rule model.
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PolicySet, is introduced to provide an abstraction for a set of
rules. It is derived from Policy, and it is inserted into the
inheritance hierarchy above both PolicyGroup and PolicyRule. This
reflects the additional structural flexibility and semantic
capability of both subclasses.
Policy Rule is represented by semantics "If Condition then Action",
therefore condition and action comprise Policy Rule model. Condition
models the elementary match operation "<variable> match <value>".
Action models the elementary set operation. "SET <variable> TO
<value>". In Condition model, the 'Match' operator is usually
implied while in the action model, the 'Set' operator is explicitly
used.
The Local Config Component is extended from Policy Rule and contains
a set of local policy state related to I2RS operation that the I2RS
agent controls. The local system's local policy state linked to a
particular information base (E.g. I2RS RIB) may have a write scope
that one or more clients may write. The same write scope with that
of one or more clients using an agent. An agent must check to
determine if a local configuration state overlaps with existing
installed state.
The Policy Based Routing Rule is also extended from Policy Rule and
Contain a set of condition, action and attributes that are inherited
from Policy Group Component. Routing decisions in policy based
routing are based on several criteria beyond destination address,
such as packet size, application, protocol used, and identity of the
end system.
4. Network Policy Information Model
This section specifies the network policy information model in
Routing Backus-Naur Form (RBNF, [RFC5511]). It also provides
diagrams of the main entities that the information model is comprised
of.
4.1. The Policy Group Component
In order to provide hierarchical policy definition and associate
policy rule with other constraint, the basic policy group model needs
to be defined. The corresponding extensions are introduced in a
component, whose structure is informally depicted in the following
diagram.
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+------------------------------------+
| Policy Group |....
+------------------------------------+ :
* * * * * ^ :
| | | | | :....:
| | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+| +-----------+
|Identity| | Role | |Priority|| |Policy Rule|
+--------+ +--------+ +--------+| +-----------+
* * | * * *
| | | | | |
+--- | | +---+---+ | ++----+
| | | |Enabled| | |Usage|
| | | +-------+ | +-----+
+-----+----+ +------+ | |
| Resource | |Scope | | |
+----------+ +------+ | |
* * | +--+------+
| | +----+------+ |Mandatory|
| | | Precedence| +---------+
| | +-----------+
| |
+-----++-----+
| Read||Write|
|Scope||Scope|
+-----++-----+
The basic information model works as follows: Within the policy group
information model, hierarchy is used to model context or scope for
the sub-rule actions. A policy group contains Identity, scope,
priority,precedence, policy rule and policy group. Policy rule or
policy group can be nested into policy group. Policy rule can
inherit context from policy group as properties and also policy rule
can have its own properties, eg., enabled, mandatory, usage
properties.
A more formal depiction in RBNF format follows below:
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<Policy-Group> ::= <Identity>
<Role>
<priority>
<precedence>
<Policy-Rule>
[<Supporting-Policy-Group>]
[<Policy-Group-Extension>]
<Scope> ::= <Read-Scope> |<Write-Scope>
<Role> ::= <Resource> | <Scope>
<Policy-Group-Extension> ::= <>
...
The elements of the Policy Group information model are as follows:
o Each policy group is captured in its own list, distinguished via a
identity, role, priority, precedence.
o A policy group has a certain role, such as resource or scope. A
policy group can even have multiple roles simultaneously. The
role, are captured in the list of "role" component.
o A policy role has a certain Scope, such as read scope or write
scope. A policy group can even have multiple scope
simultaneously. The scope, or scopes, are captured in the list of
"scope" components.
o A policy has a certain priority, such as priority 0-255. A policy
can only have one priority. The priority is captured in the list
of "priority" component.
o A policy rule can inherit properties (e.g.,
identity,role,priority, precedence) from policy group. A policy
rule also can have its own properties, e.g., enabled, mandatory,
usage.
o The policy, policy group elements can be extended with policy-
specific components (policy-extensions, policy-group-extension
respectively).
4.2. The Network-Policy Rule Component
The following diagram contains an informal graphical depiction of the
main elements of the information model:
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+----------------+
| Policy Rule |<...
+----------------+ :
* * : :
| | :...:
| |
+---------+ +--------+
...>|Condition|<.......| Action |<...
: +---------+<.......+--------+ :
: : * * : :
:..... | : :... :
| :
+--------+...........:
|Operator|
+--------+
Roughly speaking, the basic information model works as follows: A
policy rule contains conditions and actions. Each condition or each
action in turn contains operator. A operator connects variable and
value in the action or condition. Condition can map onto and be
supported by other condition, while action can map onto and be
supported by other actions. Policy rule can map onto other, policy
rules.
The information model for the Network-policy component is more
formally shown in the following diagram.
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<network-policy-rule> ::= (<policy-rule>...)
<policy-rule> ::= <Identity>
<priority>
<precedence>
<Role>
(<Condition>
(<Action>...)
<Security-Model>
[<policy-rule-extension>]
<Scope> ::= (<Read> [<read-scope>]) |
(<Write> [<write-scope>])
<Role> ::= <Resource> | <Scope>
<Security-Model> ::= <First-Matching>|<All-Matching>
<policy-rule-extension> ::= <i2rs-policy-extension> |
...
<condition> ::= <variable>
(<value>...)
[<Match-Operator>]
[<condition-extension>]
<Match-Operator> ::= <IS-SET-MEMBER'>
|<IN-INTEGER-RANGE>
|<IP-ADDRESS-AS-RESOLVED-BY-DNS>
|<Match-Operator-extension>
<condition-extension> ::= <i2rs-condition-extension> |
...
<action> ::= <variable>
<value>
<Set-Operator>
[<action-extension> ]
<action-extension> ::= <i2rs-action-extension> |
...
The elements of the Network-Policy Rule information model are as
follows:
o A policy can in turn be part of a hierarchy of policies, building
on top of other policies. Each policy is captured in its own
level, distinguished via a policy-identity.
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o Policy rule inherit scope from policy group. A policy role has a
certain Scope, such as read scope or write scope. A policy rule
can even have multiple scope simultaneously. The scope, or
scopes, are captured in the list of "scope" components.
o Furthermore, a policy rule contains conditions and actions, each
captured in their own list.
o A condition contains a variable and a value and use a match
operator, to connect variable with value. An examples of an
operator might be a" IP ADDRESS AS RESOLVED BYDNS" or "Set to a
member". Also, a condition can in turn map onto other condition
in an underlay policy. This is captured in list"supporting-
condition".
o An action contains a variable and a value. An action uses Set
operator to connect variable with value. Analogous to a node, an
action can in turn map onto other actions in an underlay policy.
This is captured in list "supporting-action".
o The policy, condition, action and operator elements can be
extended with policy-specific components (policy-extensions,
condition-extension, action-extension and operator-extension
respectively).
4.3. The Policy Based Routing Rule Component
4.3.1. Policy based Routing Overview
Policy based Routing is a technique used to make routing decisions
based on policies set by the network administrator. PBR enables
network administrator to forward the packet based on other criteria
than the destination address in the packet, which is used to lookup
an entry in the routing table.
The policy based routing problem can be viewed as a resource
allocation problem that incorporates business decision.
Policy based routing provides many benefits, including cost saving,
load balancing and basic QoS.
Routing decisions in policy based routing are based on several
criteria beyond destination address, such as packet size,
application, protocol used, and identity of the end system.
Policy constraints are applied before applying QoS constraints since
policy constraint overrides QoS constraint.
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Policy constraints may be exchanged by routing protocols while
updating routing information.
Policy based routing MUST tackle the following difficult questions:
o How is policy management strategy selected? Centralized or
distributed.
o At which point in a network domain are policy constraints checked
and enforced? i.e., policy coverage, here policy constraint can be
exchanged by routing protocol?
o How are policy constraints exchanged within a domain?
o How is policy data stored, refreshed and retrieved from policy
repository?
o How are policy rule conflicts avoided?
4.3.2. PBR Rule Component
A PBR rule is constructed using condition, action and attributes that
are inherited from Policy Group Component.
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+-----------------------+
| Policy Rule |
+-----------+-----------+
^
/|\ "extends"
+-----------^-----------+
| PBR Rule |
+--+-----------------+--+
: :
: : .......
: : : :
+--------V-------+ +-------V-------+ :
| PBR Condition | | PBR Action |<...
+----------------+ +-+----------+--+
/|\ /|\
"extends"| | "extends"
+---+ +--------+
| |
+-------^-------+ +-----^---------+
| QoS Action | |Forward Action |
+---------------+ +---------------+
: : : : : :
....: : :..... .....: : :.....
: : : : : :
+----V---+ +---V----+ +--V---+ +-V------++--V-----++--V-----+
|Set | |QoS | |QoS | |Forward ||Next Hop||Next Hop|
|Operator| |Variable| |Value | |Operator||Variable||Value |
+--------+ +--------+ +------+ +--------++--+-----++--------+
/|\
| "extends"
+---^----+
|Next Hop|
|Type |
+--------+
Figure 3: Policy based routing IM structure
4.3.3. Relationship between PBR Rule Model and RIB Information Model
As descried in [I.D-ietf-i2rs-rib-info-model], Routing instance
contains a collection of RIBs, interfaces, and routing parameters.
o The set of interfaces indicates which interfaces are associated
with this routing instance.
o The RIBs specify how incoming traffic is to be forwarded based on
destination.
o the routing parameters control the information in the RIBs/PIBs.
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PIB and RIB can not be used at the same time
o If a router doesn't support policy based routing, a router MUST
use rib and MUST not use PIB.
o If a router supports policy based routing,
* PIB is used if several criteria beyond destination address is
matched.
* RIB is used if several criteria beyond destination address is
not matched.
Policy constraints information either comes from RSVP,BGP/IGP, or
comes from manual configuration or policy configuration tool.
Therefore PIB may has the following field:
o Interface-list: The interface list contains a list of identifiers,
with each identifier uniquely identifying an interface.
o Origin: an indication used to identify from which protocols (e.g.,
ISIS, OSPF, BGP, I2RS, CLI etc.) the policy based route is.
4.4. The Local Config Component
The Local Config Component is the information links to the policy
functions associated with a information model it is linked to. This
component defines a set of groupings with auxiliary information
required and shared by those other components.
Since the I2RS RIB model is the only currently agreed upon model, an
example from this model may be helpful. The I2RS RIB model contains
a RIB definition of routing instance that has 0-N interfaces and 1-N
RIBs. Each RIB contains a set of routes. This policy operates on
the elements of I2RS RIB model by combining one of the elements
defined in the I2RS RIB model (Routing instance 1, RIB 1, route-
attribute) within the context of a policy rule. The
[I-D.ietf-i2rs-architecture] shows this as the RIB Policy Controls
that impact the policy routing. The I2RS agent may only collect
information on this RIB. On Write, the RIB Policy Rules may
determine what portion of the Policy-Based RIBs are altered to
provide the early exit or service routing features needed by the I2RS
client.
The key benefit of this Policy Information Model is that it provides
a common model of interactions of policy which can be saved as
templates, and then enacted for specific functions associated with
another model. The policy element an identity, scope, role, and
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security model. This allows the specific element to be easily tailor
to identified by operations, enable for specific operations (via
scope and role), and at a correct security level. As the example
demonstrates, this blends with the I2RS RIB model to set conditions
and actions. Additional drafts will show that it provides other
service routing.
<local-policy-rule> ::= (<local-policy-rule>...)
<local-policy-rule> ::= <Identity>
<priority>
<precedence>
<Role>
(<Condition>)
(<Action>...)
<Security-Model>
<Scope> ::= (<Read> [<read-scope>]) |
(<Write> [<write-scope>])
<Role> ::= <Resource> |
<Scope>
<Security-Model> ::= <First-Matching>|
<All-Matching>
...
<condition> ::= <variable>
(<value>...)
[<Match-Operator>]
[<condition-extension>]
<Match-Operator> ::= <IS-SET-MEMBER'>
|<IN-INTEGER-RANGE>
|<IP-ADDRESS-AS-RESOLVED-BY-DNS>
|<Match-Operator-extension>
<condition-extension> ::= <i2rs-condition-extension> |
...
<action> ::= <variable>
<value>
<Set-Operator>
[<action-extension>]
<action-extension> ::= <i2rs-action-extension> |
...
The model extends the original network-policy model as follows:
o A local policy rule can in turn be part of a hierarchy of
policies, building on top of other policies. Each local
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configuration policy is captured in its own level, distinguished
via a policy identity.
o A local policy rule inherit scope from policy group. A local
policy rule has a certain Scope, such as read scope or write
scope. A local policy rule can even have multiple scope
simultaneously. The scope, or scopes, are captured in the list of
"scope" components.
o Furthermore, a local policy contains conditions and actions, each
captured in their own list.
o A condition contains a variable and a value and use a match
operator, to connect variable with value. An examples of an
operator might be a" IP ADDRESS AS RESOLVED BYDNS" or "Set to a
member". Also, a condition can in turn map onto other condition
in an underlay policy. This is captured in list "supporting-
condition".
o An action contains a variable and a value. An action uses Set
operator to connect variable with value. Analogous to a node, an
action can in turn map onto other actions in an underlay policy.
This is captured in list "supporting-action".
o The local policy, condition, action and operator elements can be
extended with policy-specific components (condition-extension,
action-extension and operator-extension respectively).
Drafts that specify examples for this blended I2RS model are:
o An Traffic balancing using the I2RS RIB Model [draft-hares-i2rs-
TE-exit-balance]
o Utilizing BGP Information regarding Service Chaining [draft-hares-
i2rs-bgp-chains]
o Information model for service topology [draft-hares-i2rs-info-
model-service-topo]
o In future revision of I2rs, this may link to other I2RS
information models or linked through the I2RS agent to things
configured by the CLI, SNMP, or via the NETCONF interface.
5. IANA Considerations
This draft includes no request to IANA.
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6. Security Considerations
TBD.
7. Informative References
[I-D.atlas-i2rs-policy-framework]
Atlas, A., Hares, S., and J. Halpern, "A Policy Framework
for the Interface to the Routing System", draft-atlas-
i2rs-policy-framework-00 (work in progress), February
2013.
[I-D.ietf-i2rs-architecture]
Atlas, A., Halpern, J., Hares, S., Ward, D., and T.
Nadeau, "An Architecture for the Interface to the Routing
System", draft-ietf-i2rs-architecture-02 (work in
progress), February 2014.
[I-D.ietf-i2rs-rib-info-model]
Bahadur, N., Folkes, R., Kini, S., and J. Medved, "Routing
Information Base Info Model", draft-ietf-i2rs-rib-info-
model-02 (work in progress), February 2014.
[I-D.white-i2rs-use-case]
White, R., Hares, S., and A. Retana, "Protocol Independent
Use Cases for an Interface to the Routing System", draft-
white-i2rs-use-case-02 (work in progress), February 2014.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC3060] Moore, B., Ellesson, E., Strassner, J., and A. Westerinen,
"Policy Core Information Model -- Version 1
Specification", RFC 3060, February 2001.
[RFC3644] Snir, Y., Ramberg, Y., Strassner, J., Cohen, R., and B.
Moore, "Policy Quality of Service (QoS) Information
Model", RFC 3644, November 2003.
[RFC5394] Bryskin, I., Papadimitriou, D., Berger, L., and J. Ash,
"Policy-Enabled Path Computation Framework", RFC 5394,
December 2008.
[RFC5511] Farrel, A., "Routing Backus-Naur Form (RBNF): A Syntax
Used to Form Encoding Rules in Various Routing Protocol
Specifications", RFC 5511, April 2009.
Hares & Wu Expires September 4, 2014 [Page 17]
Internet-Draft IM for policy March 2014
Authors' Addresses
Susan Hares
Hickory Hill Consulting
7453 Hickory Hill
Saline, CA 48176
USA
Email: shares@ndzh.com
Qin Wu
Huawei
101 Software Avenue, Yuhua District
Nanjing, Jiangsu 210012
China
Email: sunseawq@huawei.com
Hares & Wu Expires September 4, 2014 [Page 18]